Geospatial pattern of level of minimum acceptable diet and its determinants among children aged 6-23 months in Ethiopia. Spatial and multiscale geographically weighted regression analysis

Abstract

Background: Despite prior progress and the proven benefits of optimal feeding practices, improving child dietary intake in developing countries like Ethiopia remains challenging. In Ethiopia, over 89% of children fail to meet the minimum acceptable diet. Understanding the geographical disparity and determinants of minimum acceptable diet can enhance child feeding practices, promoting optimal child growth.

Methods: Spatial and multiscale geographically weighted regression analysis was conducted among 1,427 weighted sample children aged 6-23 months. ArcGIS Pro and SatScan version 9.6 were used to map the visual presentation of geographical distribution failed to achieve the minimum acceptable diet. A multiscale geographically weighted regression analysis was done to identify significant determinants of level of minimum acceptable diet. The statistical significance was declared at P-value <0.05.

Results: Overall, 89.56% (95CI: 87.85-91.10%) of children aged 6-23 months failed to achieve the recommended minimum acceptable diet. Significant spatial clustering was detected in the Somali, Afar regions, and northwestern Ethiopia. Children living in primary clusters were 3.6 times more likely to be unable to achieve the minimum acceptable diet (RR = 3.61, LLR =13.49, p < 0.001). Mother's with no formal education (Mean = 0.043, p-value = 0.000), family size above five (Mean = 0.076, p-value = 0.005), No media access (Mean = 0.059, p-value = 0.030), home delivery (Mean = 0.078, p-value = 0.002), and no postnatal checkup (Mean = 0.131, p-value = 0.000) were found to be spatially significant determinants of Inadequate minimum acceptable diet.

Conclusion: Level of minimum acceptable diet among children in Ethiopia varies geographically. Therefore, to improve child feeding practices in Ethiopia, it is highly recommended to deploy additional resources to high-need areas and implement programs that enhance women's education, maternal healthcare access, family planning, and media engagement.

Keywords: Ethiopia; children; determinants; geospatial pattern; minimum acceptable diet.

Figure 1

Schematic representation of the sampling procedures in the study of geospatial pattern of level of minimum acceptable diet and its determinants among children aged 6–23 months in Ethiopia, EDHS 2019 N.B EAs, enumeration areas.

Figure 2

Spatial autocorrelation analysis of geospatial pattern of level of minimum acceptable diet among children in Ethiopia, EDHS 2019, (weighted n = 1,427).

Figure 3

Incremental autocorrelation analysis of geospatial pattern of level of minimum acceptable diet among children in Ethiopia, EDHS 2019, (weighted n = 1,427).

Figure 4

Hotspot and cold spot analysis of inadequate minimum acceptable diet among children in Ethiopia, EDHS 2019, (weighted n = 1,427).

Figure 5

Ordinary kriging interpolation to predict the prevalence of inadequate minimum acceptable diet among children in Ethiopia, EDHS 2019, (weighted n = 1,427).

Figure 6

Spatial clustering of high and low rate of inadequate minimum acceptable diet among children in Ethiopia, EDHS 2019, (weighted n = 1,427).

Figure 7

The spatial mapping of geographically weighted regression coefficients by mothers’ with no education (A), family size (>5) (B), no PNC utilization (C), and home delivery (D) to predict the hotspot of inadequate minimum acceptable diet among children in Ethiopia.