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Review
. 2024;43(3):162-169.
doi: 10.12938/bmfh.2024-014. Epub 2024 Apr 23.

An updated review on the treatment for diversion colitis and pouchitis, with a focus on the utility of autologous fecal microbiota transplantation and its relationship with the intestinal microbiota

Kentaro Tominaga  1 , Yuichi Kojima  1 , Yuzo Kawata  1 , Kazuya Takahashi  1 , Hiroki Sato  1 , Atsunori Tsuchiya  1 , Kenya Kamimura  1 , Shuji Terai  1
Affiliations
Review

An updated review on the treatment for diversion colitis and pouchitis, with a focus on the utility of autologous fecal microbiota transplantation and its relationship with the intestinal microbiota

Kentaro Tominaga et al. Biosci Microbiota Food Health. 2024.

Abstract

Diversion colitis (DC) is characterized by mucosal inflammation in the defunctioned segment of the colon following a colostomy or ileostomy. The major causes of DC are an increase in the number of aerobic bacteria, a lack of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and immune disorders in the diverted colon. However, its exact pathogenesis remains unknown. Various treatment strategies for DC have been explored, although none have been definitively established. Treatment approaches such as SCFAs, 5-aminosalicylic acid enemas, steroid enemas, and irrigation with fibers have been attempted, yielding various degrees of efficacies in mitigating mucosal inflammation. However, only individual case reports demonstrating the limited effect of the following therapies have been published: leukocytapheresis, dextrose (hypertonic glucose) spray, infliximab, an elemental diet, and coconut oil. The usefulness of probiotics for treating DC has recently been reported. Furthermore, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has emerged as a promising treatment for DC. This review provides an update on the treatment strategies of DC, with a particular focus on FMT and its relationship with the intestinal microbiota. FMT may become the first choice of treatment for some patients in the future because of its low medical costs, ease of use, and minimal side effects. Furthermore, FMT can also be used for postoperative DC prophylaxis.

Keywords: diversion colitis; fecal microbiota transplantation; ileitis; inflammatory bowel disease; microbiota; pouchitis; treatment.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
Schematic presentation of diversion colitis and pouchitis. An increase in the number of aerobic bacteria, a lack of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and immune disorders in the diverted colon are the major causes of diversion colitis. A. normal afferent ileal loop; B. diversion colitis.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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