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Review
. 2024;5(3):699-713.
doi: 10.37349/etat.2024.00242. Epub 2024 Jun 26.

Promising immunotherapeutic approaches for primary effusion lymphoma

Jutatip Panaampon  1   2   3 , Seiji Okada  3
Affiliations
Review

Promising immunotherapeutic approaches for primary effusion lymphoma

Jutatip Panaampon et al. Explor Target Antitumor Ther. 2024.

Abstract

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a large B-cell neoplasm usually presenting as a serious effusion in body cavities without detectable tumor masses. It is an AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) with human herpes virus 8 (HHV8)/Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV) infection. A combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) prolongs the lifespan of AIDS and AIDS-related malignant lymphoma patients, but PEL continues to have a dismal prognosis. PEL showed disappointing outcomes with standard chemotherapy such as CHOP or CHOP-like regimens. A PEL status highlights the urgent need for new therapeutic approaches and treatment strategies and improve clinical outcomes. This review discusses the current knowledge and some recent clinical trials for PEL in the platform of immunotherapy as well as promising future immunotherapeutic approaches for PEL.

Keywords: Primary effusion lymphoma; immunotherapeutic approaches; immunotherapy.

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Conflict of interest statement

Seiji Okada who is the Guest Editor of Exploration of Targeted Anti-tumor Therapy had no involvement in the decision-making or the review process of this manuscript. Jutatip Panaampon declares that there is no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
An overview of B cell malignancies in each stage of B-cell development. ABC-DLBCL: activated B-cell subtype diffuse large B cell lymphoma; BL: Burkitt’s lymphoma; FL: follicular lymphoma; GCB-DLBCL: germinal center B-cell subtype diffuse large B cell lymphoma; IRF4: interferon regulatory factor 4; MCL: mantle cell lymphoma; MM: multiple myeloma; PEL: primary effusion lymphoma; MUM1: multiple myeloma oncogene-1. Created with BioRender.com
Figure 2
Figure 2
Daratumumab mediates the killing of primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) via multiple mechanisms. ADCC: antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity; ADCP: antibody-dependent cell phagocytosis; CDC: complement-dependent cytolysis; NK: natural killer. Created with BioRender.com
Figure 3
Figure 3
Elotuzumab mediates the killing of primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) via multiple mechanisms. ADCC: antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity; ADCP: antibody-dependent cell phagocytosis; NK: natural killer; SLAMF7: signaling lymphocytic activation molecule 7. Created with BioRender.com
Figure 4
Figure 4
Anti-CD47 antibody promotes phagocytosis against primary effusion lymphoma (PEL). SIRPα: signal regulatory protein alpha. Created with BioRender.com
Figure 5
Figure 5
Brentuximab vedotin mediates the killing of primary effusion lymphoma (PEL). MMAE: monomethyl auristatin E. Created with BioRender.com
Figure 6
Figure 6
Future directions of promising immunotherapeutic approaches for primary effusion lymphoma (PEL). ADCC: antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity; ADCP: antibody-dependent cell phagocytosis; CAR: chimeric antigen receptor; CTL: cytotoxic T lymphocytes; IL: interleukin; MHC- I: major histocompatibility complex class 1; NK: natural killer; SLAMF7: signaling lymphocytic activation molecule 7; TCR: T cell receptor; TRiKEs: tri-specific killer engagers. Created with BioRender.com
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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