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. 2024 Jul 1;35(3):175-180.
doi: 10.5765/jkacap.240010.

Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Slow Learners (Borderline Intellectual Functioning)

So-Yeon Lee  1   2 , Keun-Ah Cheon  1   2
Affiliations

Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Slow Learners (Borderline Intellectual Functioning)

So-Yeon Lee et al. J Korean Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. .

Abstract

The definitions of "slow learners" and "borderline intellectual functioning (BIF)" have not reached a consensus and have continually evolved in terminology. The criteria for diagnosing BIF include the Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient, adaptive functioning, and onset of symptoms from the developmental period; however, specific standards have not been provided. Until the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV, a range for the Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient was provided, but due to its limitations in reflecting the actual functioning of individuals with BIF, this criterion was removed from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5. The absence of specific diagnostic criteria complicates the identification of individuals with BIF, highlighting the need for a more precise classification and definition.

Keywords: Adaptive functioning; Borderline intellectual functioning; Slow learner.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest The authors have no potential conflicts of interest to disclose.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Normal distribution curve of intelligence in the general population. It has a mean of 100 and follows a standard deviation of 15. In DSM-IV, the borderline intellectual functioning was based on the standard deviation of -2 to -1, that is, IQ 71 to 84. DSM-IV, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition; IQ, intelligence quotient.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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