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. 2024 Jul 6;14(1):15565.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-66597-7.

Probiotic evaluation, adherence capability and safety assessment of Lactococcus lactis strain isolated from an important herb "Murraya koenigii"

Tholla Madana Shivani  1 , Mythili Sathiavelu  2
Affiliations

Probiotic evaluation, adherence capability and safety assessment of Lactococcus lactis strain isolated from an important herb "Murraya koenigii"

Tholla Madana Shivani et al. Sci Rep. .

Erratum in

Abstract

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from medicinal herb Murraya koenigii, commonly known as curry leaf, which promotes the growth and maintenance of gut microbiota, were studied for their probiotic potential. The key objective of this research was to isolate and evaluate probiotic characteristics, test adherence capabilities, and confirm their safety. Lactococcus lactis (MKL8), isolated from Murraya koenigii, was subjected to in vitro analysis to assess its resistance to the gastric environment, ability to adhere Caco-2 cells, anti-microbial activity, hydrophobicity, auto-aggregation, and safety profiling through MTT assay and hemolytic. MKL8 exhibited growth at 0.5% phenol concentrations (> 80%) and was able to survive in conditions with high bile concentrations (> 79%) and a relatively low pH (72%-91%). It shows high tolerance to high osmotic conditions (> 73%) and simulated gastric juice (> 72%). Additionally, MKL8 demonstrated strong hydrophobicity (85%), auto-aggregation (87.3%-91.7%), and adherence to Caco-2 cells. Moreover, it had an inhibitory effect against pathogens too. By performing the hemolytic and MTT assays, the non-toxicity of MKL8 isolate was examined, and it exhibited no harmful characteristics. Considering MKL8's resistance to gastrointestinal tract conditions, high surface hydrophobicity, non-toxicity, and ability to inhibit the tested pathogens, it can be concluded that MKL8 demonstrated promising probiotic properties and has potential for use in the food industry.

Keywords: Lactococcus lactis; Murraya koenigii; Adhesion ability; Antagonistic activity; Hydrophobicity.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Survival percentage of MKL8 at different pH concentration. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation of three replicates (n = 3); p < 0.05.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Survival percentage of MKL8 at different bile salt concentration. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation of three replicates (n = 3); p < 0.05.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Percentage of survival at varying phenol level. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation of three replicates (n = 3); p < 0.05.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Percentage of survival at different salt concentration of MKL8. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation of three replicates (n = 3); p < 0.05.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Survival percentage of MKL8 in SGJ. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation of three replicates (n = 3); p < 0.05.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Percentage of auto aggregation of MKL8. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation of three replicates (n = 3); p < 0.05.
Figure 7
Figure 7
(a) Percent adhesion of MKL8. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation of three replicates (n = 3); p < 0.05. (b) Microscopic view of MKL8 adhered to Caco-2 cell lines.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Zone of inhibition against tested pathogens.
Figure 9
Figure 9
No hemolysis observed in MKL8.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Percent of cell viability of MKL8.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Scanning electron microscopy image of MKL8.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Phylogenetic tree of MKL8.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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