Long-term trends in lifestyle factors among respondents with dyslipidemia in the United States

Abstract

Objectives: To explore the long-term trends in unhealthy lifestyle factors and the risk sociodemographic subgroups among people with dyslipidemia.

Methods: Data extracted from the 1999 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Lifestyle factors were smoking status, alcohol drinking, obesity, dietary quality, depression, physical activity, and sedentary behavior. A Joinpoint regression model was used to estimate trends in the log-transformed age-standardized prevalence. Multinomial logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, and race/ethnicity were used to analyze subgroups by sociodemographic factors.

Results: Data for 33,680 respondents were extracted between 1999 and 2018. The prevalence of smoking and poor-quality diet decreased from 1999 to 2018 (P<0.001), while obesity significantly increased (P<0.001). The prevalence of depression marginally increased from 2005 to 2018 (P=0.074). We observed that non-Hispanic Black individuals, Hispanics, males, as well as those with lower family income-to-poverty ratios and education levels, unemployed individuals, or those lacking a spouse/live-in partner, were at elevated risk of unhealthy lifestyle factors when compared to the reference groups.

Conclusions: Among NHANES respondents from 1999 to 2018 with dyslipidemia, significant reductions in the prevalence of current smoking and poor diet were observed, while the prevalence of obesity was markedly increased. There were sociodemographic differences in the management of lifestyle factors. Further initiatives to encourage people with dyslipidemia are required to reduce potential adverse outcomes.

Keywords: Dyslipidemia; Lifestyle; NHANES; Socioeconomic status; Trend.