Testicular Disease: A Clinico-Pathological Report from a Nigerian Tertiary Health Center

Abstract

Background: The testes are the male reproductive glands and the homolog of the ovary in females performing critical functions. Pathologic conditions could arise from the testes and blunt or completely obliterate these functions leading to clinically overt or covert sequelae. The aim of this research is to study the pattern of histologically diagnosed testicular disease in relation to clinical features at the Jos University Teaching Hospital between January 2012 and December 31st, 2021.

Methodology: This study is a retrospective analysis of all cases of testicular biopsies. All histologically diagnosed testicular lesions were identified from the departmental records and clinical data obtained further from the patients' folder at the Medical Records Department.

Results: Four hundred and thirty (430) biopsies were seen, of which 304 (70.7%) were orchidectomy specimens. The commonest histological diagnosis was testicular atrophy accounting for 328(76.3%) cases. Testicular torsion is followed by 42(9.8%) cases. Together, inflammatory conditions accounted for 36(8.4%) cases out of which granulomatous inflammation made up 52.3% of cases. There were 16(3.7%) neoplastic conditions all of which were malignant, out of which 6(37.5%) were seminomas. The age range, mean, median and modal age was 1-90 years, 53.4 +21.3years, 60 years and 70 years respectively. Prostatic carcinoma therapy in the form of bilateral orchidectomy was the major indication for surgery.

Conclusion: The majority of testicular lesions in our locality are atrophies and most of these lesions are obtained as orchidectomies for therapy of prostatic cancer.

Keywords: Atrophy; Granuloma; Prostate; Testes; Torsion.