Rose Petal Extract Ameliorates Obesity in High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Abstract

In Asia, Rosa spp. has been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and edema. In this study, we investigated the effect of rose petal extract (RPE) on high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in mice. C57BL/6J mice were fed with either an AIN-93G diet (normal control), a 60% HFD, or a HFD plus supplementation with RPE at 100 or 200 mg/kg body weight (HFD+R100, HFD+R200) for 14 weeks. The HFD increased the body weight gain, liver and fat weight, lipid profiles (total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol), and the serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels of mice, while RPE supplementation significantly decreased these parameters compared with the HFD group. Furthermore, the HFD increased the protein expressions of adipogenesis- and lipogenesis-related factors and decreased the protein expression of lipolysis- and energy metabolism-related factors. Conversely, RPE supplementation significantly decreased the protein expression of adipogenesis- and lipogenesis-related factors and increased the protein expression of lipolysis- and energy metabolism-related factors compared to the HFD group. Taken together, the results provide preliminary evidence for the potential protective effects of the RPE against obesity.

Keywords: Rosa spp.; high fat diet; obesity; rose petal extract.

Fig. 1

High-performance liquid chromatography chromatograms of isoquercetin in rose petal extract (RPE) at 350 nm. (A) Isoquercetin standard and (B) RPE chromatogram.

Fig. 2

Effects of rose petal extract (RPE) on protein expression-related adipogenesis in high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. (A) Protein band, (B) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), (C) p-cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB)/CREB, (D) sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c, (E) peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ, (F) CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)α, (G) adiponectin, (H) leptin. Normal control (NC), AIN-93G diet; HFD, 60% HFD; HFD+R100, 60% HFD+RPE 100 mg/kg body weight (BW); HFD+R200, 60% HFD+RPE 200 mg/kg BW. Values are presented as mean±SD. Different letters (a-d) represent significant differences at P<0.05, as determined by Duncan’s multiple range test. Antibodies used for western blot analysis are listed in Table 1.

Fig. 3

Effects of rose petal extract (RPE) on protein expression-related lipogenesis in high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. (A) Protein band, (B) G6PDH, (C) citrate synthase, (D) p-acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)/ACC, (E) fatty acid synthase (FAS), (F) p-ATP-citrate lyase (ACL)/ACL, (G) LPL. Normal control (NC), AIN-93G diet; HFD, 60% HFD; HFD+R100, 60% HFD+RPE 100 mg/kg body weight (BW); HFD+R200, 60% HFD+RPE 200 mg/kg BW. Values are presented as mean±SD. Different letters (a-d) represent significant differences at P<0.05, as determined by Duncan’s multiple range test. Antibodies used for western blot analysis are listed in Table 1.

Fig. 4

Effects of rose petal extract (RPE) on protein expression-related lipolysis in high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. (A) Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) level, (B) protein band, (C) protein kinase A (PKA), (D) phosphodiesterase 3B (PDE3B), (E) p-hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL)/HSL, (F) perilipin, (G) adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL). Normal control (NC), AIN-93G diet; HFD, 60% HFD; HFD+R100, 60% HFD+RPE 100 mg/kg body weight (BW); HFD+R200, 60% HFD+RPE 200 mg/kg BW. Values are presented as mean±SD. Different letters (a-d) represent significant differences at P<0.05, as determined by Duncan’s multiple range test. Antibodies used for western blot analysis are listed in Table 1.

Fig. 5

Effects of rose petal extract (RPE) on protein expression-related energy metabolism in high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. (A) Protein band, (B) p-(AMP-activated protein kinase) AMPK/AMPK, (C) uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), (D) carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1A (CPT1A), (E) fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4). Normal control (NC), AIN-93G diet; HFD, 60% HFD; HFD+R100, 60% HFD+RPE 100 mg/kg body weight (BW); HFD+R200, 60% HFD+RPE 200 mg/kg BW. Values are presented as mean±SD. Different letters (a-d) represent significantly differences at P<0.05, as determined by Duncan’s multiple range test. Antibodies used for western blot analysis are listed in Table 1.