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. 2024 Jun 6;10(12):e32349.
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32349. eCollection 2024 Jun 30.

Highly sensitive detection of low-concentration sodium chloride solutions based on a gold-coated prism in Kretschmann setup

Syahidatun Na'imah  1 , Retna Apsari  2 , Masruroh  1 , M Yasin  2 , Sulaiman Wadi Harun  3
Affiliations

Highly sensitive detection of low-concentration sodium chloride solutions based on a gold-coated prism in Kretschmann setup

Syahidatun Na'imah et al. Heliyon. .

Abstract

A gold-coated Kretschmann setup has been constructed and explored as a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) platform, specifically tailored for the detection of low-concentration sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions. The setup employs a BK7 prism coated with a 50 nm gold layer, serving as a plasmonic layer, to induce resonance. This resonance arises from the interplay between light waves and free electrons propagating at the interface of two media. The experimental findings reveal a notable resonance angle shift of 10° when the NaCl concentration is varied from 0 to 2.5 %. Furthermore, angle interrogation provides insightful details about the sensor's response to changes in the refractive index, showcasing a commendable sensitivity of 2400°/RIU, a high level of linearity at 0.9771, and an impressive resolution of 0.217 %. The demonstrated capabilities of this sensor underscore its potential for widespread applications, particularly in the monitoring of salt concentration across diverse domains such as seawater analysis, food processing, and fermentation processes. The robust performance and precision of this proposed sensor position it as a valuable tool with promising prospects for addressing the needs of various industries dependent on accurate salt concentration measurements.

Keywords: Kretschmann setup; NaCl; Refractive index sensing; Surface plasmon resonance.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests:Retna Apsari reports financial support was provided by Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of Indonesia grant number: 1311/UN3.LPPM/PT.01.03/2023. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
SPR sensor configuration with a gold coated prism for detection of low-concentration sodium chloride solutions.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Spr curve with theoretical analysis.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Characterization of SPR resonance from a gold-coated prism in a Kretschmann setup.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Spr sensor response for sodium chloride solution.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Resonance angle changes with the variation of NaCl concentration.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Resonance angle changes with the variation of refractive index.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Surface plasmon resonance sensor stability results.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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