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. 2024 Jun 6;10(12):e32493.
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32493. eCollection 2024 Jun 30.

Effects of different plasma treatments on bonding properties of zirconia

Yulin Jiang  1   2 , Xudong Bao  2 , Yang Yu  2 , Yannan Zhang  2 , Min Liu  2 , Fanhao Meng  2 , Bo Wang  2 , Jianfeng Chen  2
Affiliations

Effects of different plasma treatments on bonding properties of zirconia

Yulin Jiang et al. Heliyon. .

Abstract

This in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of different non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NTP) on shear bond strength (SBS) between yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) and self-adhesive resin cement. In this study, The Y-TZP specimens were divided into 4 groups according to the surface treatment methods as follows: Control (no surface treatment), Sb (Sandblasting), AP(argon NTP), and CP(20 % oxygen and 80 % argon combination NTP). Y-TZP specimens were randomly selected from each group to observe and test the following indexes: scanning electron microscope to observe the surface morphology; atomic force microscope to detect the surface roughness; contact angle detector to detect the surface contact angle; energy spectrometer to analyze the surface elements. Then, resin cement (Rely X-U200) was bonded to human isolated teeth with Y-TZP specimens to measure SBS. The results showed that for the SE test, the NTP group was significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.05). The results of the SBS test showed that the SBS values of the NTP group were significantly higher than those of the other groups, regardless of the plasma treatment (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between groups AP and CP in a test of SBS (p > 0.05). This study shows that non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma can improve the shear bond strength of Y-TZP by increasing the surface energy. The addition of oxygen ratio to argon is more favorable to increase the shear bond strength and is worth further investigation.

Keywords: Contact angle; Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma(NTP); Shear bond strength(SBS); Surface treatment; Yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP).

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Preparation process and treatment method of Y-TZP specimens.(a) Fabrication of Y-TZP specimens.(b) Surface treatment method.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Study design flow chart.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
The process of measuring contact angle.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
(a) Crown of isolated human tooth. (b) Plaster-embedded human isolated crowns.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Schematic diagram of preparation method for shear bond strength (SBS) Y-TZP specimens. (a) Y-TZP specimens surface and isolated teeth bonding. (b) Universal testing machine continuous pressure bonding.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Schematic figure of shear bond strength (SBS) test.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
SEM and AFM observation images of Y-TZP specimens ( × 5000).
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
Percentage of carbon and oxygen content of Y-TZP specimens in each group. Control, No surface treatment; Sb, Sandblasting; AP, Ar NTP; CP, 20 % O2+80 % Ar combination NTP.
Fig. 9
Fig. 9
Contact Angle images of each Y-TZP specimens. Control, No surface treatment; Sb, Sandblasting; AP, Ar NTP; CP, 20 % O2+80 % Ar combination NTP.
Fig. 10
Fig. 10
Shear bond strength (SBS) of each group of Y-TZP with different surface treatment methods. Control, No surface treatment; Sb, Sandblasting; AP, Ar NTP; CP, 20 % O2+80 % Ar combination NTP.
Fig. 11
Fig. 11
Percentage of failure mode of Y-TZP specimens in each group. Control, No surface treatment; Sb, Sandblasting; AP, Ar NTP; CP, 20 % O2+80 % Ar combination NTP.
Fig. 12
Fig. 12
Fracture mode images of Y-TZP specimens. (a) Adhesive fracture. (b) Mixed fracture.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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