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[Preprint]. 2024 Jun 25:2024.06.25.24309368.
doi: 10.1101/2024.06.25.24309368.

Skeletal effects of sleeve gastrectomy, by sex and menopausal status and in comparison to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery

Karin C Wu  1   2 , Po-Hung Wu  3 , Galateia Kazakia  3 , Sheena Patel  4 , Dennis M Black  5 , Thomas F Lang  3 , Tiffany Y Kim  1   2 , Nicole J King  2 , Thomas J Hoffman  5   6 , Hanling Chang  2 , Gaia Linfield  1 , Sarah Palilla  7 , Stanley J Rogers  7 , Jonathan T Carter  7 , Andrew M Posselt  7 , Anne L Schafer  1   2   5
Affiliations

Skeletal effects of sleeve gastrectomy, by sex and menopausal status and in comparison to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery

Karin C Wu et al. medRxiv. .

Update in

Abstract

Context: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) has deleterious effects on bone mass, microarchitecture, and strength. Data are lacking on the skeletal effects of sleeve gastrectomy (SG), now the most commonly performed bariatric surgical procedure.

Objective: We examined changes in bone turnover, areal and volumetric bone mineral density (aBMD, vBMD), and appendicular bone microarchitecture and estimated strength after SG. We compared the results to those previously reported after RYGB, hypothesizing lesser effects after SG than RYGB.

Design setting participants: Prospective observational cohort study of 54 adults with obesity undergoing SG at an academic center.

Main outcome measures: Skeletal characterization with biochemical markers of bone turnover, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), quantitative computed tomography (QCT), and high-resolution peripheral QCT (HR-pQCT) was performed preoperatively and 6- and 12-months postoperatively.

Results: Over 12 months, mean percentage weight loss was 28.8%. Bone turnover marker levels increased, and total hip aBMD decreased -8.0% (95% CI -9.1%, -6.7%, p<0.01). Spinal aBMD and vBMD declines were larger in postmenopausal women than men. Tibial and radial trabecular and cortical microstructure worsened, as did tibial estimated strength, particularly in postmenopausal women. When compared to data from a RYGB cohort with identical design and measurements, some SG biochemical, vBMD, and radial microstructural parameters were smaller, while other changes were not.

Conclusions: Bone mass, microstructure, and strength decrease after SG. Some skeletal parameters change less after SG than after RYGB, while for others, we find no evidence for smaller effects after SG. Postmenopausal women may be at highest risk of skeletal consequences after SG.

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Figures

Figure 1:
Figure 1:
Changes in BMD, bone microarchitecture, and estimated strength that were significantly different by sex and menopausal status. Shaded areas represent the 95% confidence intervals.
Figure 2:
Figure 2:
Changes in BMD, bone microarchitecture, and estimated strength that were significantly different by surgical procedure. Shaded areas represent the 95% confidence intervals.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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