Influence of Sensory Monitoring on Speech Breathing Planning Processes: An Exploratory Study in Aging Speakers Reporting Dyspnea

Abstract

Purpose: Previous studies have suggested that inspirations during speech pauses are influenced by the length of adjacent utterances, owing to respiratory motor planning and physiological recovery processes. The goal of this study was to examine how attention to respiratory sensations may influence these processes in aging speakers with dyspnea, by measuring the effect of sensory monitoring on the relationship between utterance length and the occurrence of inspirations, as well as on functional voice and respiratory measures.

Method: Seventeen adults aged 50 years and older with complaints of voicing-related dyspnea completed a repeated-measures protocol consisting of a 2-week baseline phase and a 4-week sensory monitoring phase. Audiovisual recordings of semistructured speech and self-report questionnaires were collected at study onset, after the baseline phase, and after the sensory monitoring phase. Repeated-measures logistic regressions were conducted to examine changes in the relationship between utterance length and the occurrence of inspirations in adjacent pauses, and repeated-measures analyses of variance were used to investigate any changes in functional voice and respiratory measures.

Results: Planning and recovery processes appeared to remain constant across the baseline phase. From postbaseline to postsensory monitoring timepoints, a strengthening of the relationship between the presence of an inspiration during a speech pause and the length of the subsequent-but not preceding-utterance was noted. Significant improvements were noted in voice-related handicap from study onset to postsensory monitoring, but no changes were reported in respiratory comfort during speech.

Conclusions: Results suggest that respiratory planning processes, that is, the ability to plan breath intakes based on the length of upcoming utterances, may be modifiable behaviorally through targeted sensory monitoring. Further studies are warranted to validate the proposed role of respiratory sensation awareness in achieving skilled temporal coordination between voicing and breathing.

Figure 1.

Distribution of utterance lengths when following a pause with and without a breath intake for each speaker, before the sensory monitoring phase (Timepoint 1). nb = number. Symbols (circles when there is no breath intake and plus signs when there is a breath intake) outside the boxes represent outliers, and symbols inside the boxes represent the mean.

Figure 2.

Distribution of utterance lengths when following a pause with and without a breath intake for each speaker, after the sensory monitoring phase (Timepoint 2). nb = number. Symbols (circles when there is no breath intake and plus signs when there is a breath intake) outside the boxes represent outliers, and symbols inside the boxes represent the mean.