Rapid analysis of untreated food samples by gel loading tip spray ionization mass spectrometry

Abstract

Rapid, efficient, versatile, easy-to-use, and non-expensive analytical approaches are globally demanded for food analysis. Many ambient ionization approaches based on electrospray ionization (ESI) have been developed recently for the rapid molecular characterization of food products. However, those approaches mainly suffer from insufficient signal duration for comprehensive chemical characterization by tandem MS analysis. Here, a commercially available disposable gel loading tip is used as a low-cost emitter for the direct ionization of untreated food samples. The most important advantages of our approach include high stability, and durability of the signal (> 10 min), low cost (ca. 0.1 USD per run), low sample and solvent consumption, prevention of tip clogging and discharge, operational simplicity, and potential for automation. Quantitative analysis of sulfapyridine, HMF (hydroxymethylfurfural), and chloramphenicol in real sample shows the limit-of-detection 0.1 μg mL^-1, 0.005 μg mL^-1, 0.01 μg mL^-1; the linearity range 0.1-5 μg mL^-1, 0.005-0.25 μg mL^-1, 0.01-1 μg mL^-1; and the linear fits R² ≥ 0.980, 0.991, 0.986. Moreover, we show that tip-ESI can also afford sequential molecular ionization of untreated viscous samples, which is difficult to achieve by conventional ESI. We conclude that tip-ESI-MS is a versatile analytical approach for the rapid chemical analysis of untreated food samples.

Keywords: Biological sample; Direct analysis; Gel loading tip; Nanospray mass spectrometry; Sequential ionization.