Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2024 Jan 30:13:1305510.
doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1305510. eCollection 2023.

Gram-negative bacterial sRNAs encapsulated in OMVs: an emerging class of therapeutic targets in diseases

Mobarakeh Ajam-Hosseini  1 , Fatemeh Akhoondi  2 , Farshid Parvini  3 , Hossein Fahimi  4
Affiliations
Review

Gram-negative bacterial sRNAs encapsulated in OMVs: an emerging class of therapeutic targets in diseases

Mobarakeh Ajam-Hosseini et al. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. .

Abstract

Small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) encapsulated in outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are critical post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. OMVs are small spherical structures released by Gram-negative bacteria that serve as important vehicles for intercellular communication and can also play an important role in bacterial virulence and host-pathogen interactions. These molecules can interact with mRNAs or proteins and affect various cellular functions and physiological processes in the producing bacteria. This review aims to provide insight into the current understanding of sRNA localization to OMVs in Gram-negative bacteria and highlights the identification, characterization and functional implications of these encapsulated sRNAs. By examining the research gaps in this field, we aim to inspire further exploration and progress in investigating the potential therapeutic applications of OMV-encapsulated sRNAs in various diseases.

Keywords: diseases; extracellular vesicles; gram-negative bacteria; sRNA; therapeutics.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Actual and schematic structure of OMVs. Steps of OMVs biogenesis in Gram-negative bacteria. The arrows indicate OMVs. SEM, scanning electron microscope; TEM, transmission electron microscopy.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The mode of action of the OMV-encapsulated sRNA of P. aeruginosa in human airway epithelial cells. P. aeruginosa produces OMVs after entering the mucosal layer of the airways. (1) OMVs bind to TLRs through PAMPs. (2) The MAP-kinase (TLR/MAPK) signaling pathway is activated and induces the host’s innate immune response. (3) Transcription factors are activated and cause up-regulation of IL-8 mRNA and IL-8 secretion (4) IL-8 attracts neutrophils and they phagocytose P. aeruginosa by entering the lungs. (5) OMVs fuse with sRNA and enter cells, which by targeting mRNA of the MAPK signaling pathway upstream of IL-8 leads to reduced host IL-8 secretion and neutrophil recruitment. Solid arrows, direct inhibitor; Dashed arrows, indirect inhibitor.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Ahmadi Badi S., Bruno S. P., Moshiri A., Tarashi S., Siadat S. D., Masotti A. (2020). Small RNAs in outer membrane vesicles and their function in host-microbe interactions. Front. Microbiol. 11, 103980. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01209 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Ajam-Hosseini M., Akhoondi F., Doroudian M. (2023). Nano based-oncolytic viruses for cancer therapy. Crit. Rev. Oncology/Hematol. 185. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.103980 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Allmer J., Yousef M. (2014). miRNomics microRNA biology and computational analysis second edition methods. Mol. Biol. 1107, 333. doi: 10.1007/978-1-62703-748-8 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Alshaer W., Zureigat H., Al Karaki A., Al-Kadash A., Gharaibeh L., Hatmal M. M., et al. (2021). siRNA: Mechanism of action, challenges, and therapeutic approaches. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 905, 174178. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174178 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Anwar M., Muhammad F., Akhtar B., Anwar M. I., Raza A., Aleem A. (2021). Outer membrane protein-coated nanoparticles as antibacterial vaccine candidates. Int. J. Pept. Res. Ther. 27 (3), 1689–1697. doi: 10.1007/s10989-021-10201-3 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources