Pretransplant desensitization of donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies with plasmapheresis and immunoglobulin produces equivalent outcomes to patients with no donor specific antibodies in haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplant

Abstract

Haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplants (haplo-HCT) with donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies (DSAs) are associated with high rates of primary graft failure and poor overall survival (OS). Limited data exists regarding the effect of desensitization. Our institution began routine desensitization for patients with DSAs in 2014. Adult patients undergoing haplo-HCT at Washington University from 2009-2021 were identified and divided into three cohorts: no DSA, untreated DSA (2009-2014) or treated DSA (2014-2021). Desensitization therapy using plasmapheresis and IVIg was performed. Retrospectively, 304 patients were identified. 14 of 30 patients with DSAs underwent desensitization. By day +2, 57% of patients cleared all DSAs. After multivariable analysis, OS was similar between treated DSA and no DSA (HR: 0.69, p = 0.37). Untreated DSA had significantly lower OS compared to no DSA group (HR 1.80, p = 0.046). Desensitization with a backbone of plasmapheresis and IVIg before haplo-HCT may produce similar outcomes to patients without DSAs.

Keywords: DSA; Haplo; allogeneic; desensitization; transplant.