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Case Reports
. 2024 Jun 10;16(6):e62107.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.62107. eCollection 2024 Jun.

Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder in a Patient With Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency: A Case Report

Lauren Joly  1 , Richard Virgilio  2 , Claire Yother  3
Affiliations
Case Reports

Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder in a Patient With Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency: A Case Report

Lauren Joly et al. Cureus. .

Abstract

A 13-year-old male with a past medical history of receiving a whole liver transplant secondary to alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) with subsequent inferior vena cava thrombosis nine years prior presented to the emergency department with abdominal distension, shortness of breath, coughing, and left superficial cervical lymphadenopathy. He had seen his pediatrician the day before where he tested negative for group A Streptococcus, influenza, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Additionally, the patient reported having elevated liver function tests noted from the results of lab tests taken earlier that day. The patient was admitted to the hospital. While at the hospital, a lymph node biopsy was performed, and pathology from that biopsy revealed infectious mononucleosis-like nondestructive posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). Due to the patient's liver transplant nine years prior, the patient was on an immunosuppressant medication: tacrolimus 2 mg. To treat the PTLD, the tacrolimus was reduced, then stopped, and then subsequently restarted at 1 mg. He also was given ganciclovir and prednisone. Two months after recovering from the PTLD, the patient's Epstein-Barr-virus (EBV) viral load continued to fluctuate, and he was treated with three doses of the monoclonal antibody drug rituximab. After treatment with rituximab, his EBV viral load remained stable. This case report gives insight into the treatment of PTLD and can serve as a reminder to be aware of the possibility of PTLD in a pediatric patient with AATD multiple years after a transplant.

Keywords: alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency; ebv ptld; ebv-associated lymphoma; infectious mononucleosis-like nondestructive ptld; nondestructive ptld; posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder; solid organ transplant.

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Conflict of interest statement

Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Summarized timeline of the treatment regimen
PTLD: Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder; EBV: Epstein-Barr virus
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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