Properties of Cosmic Deuterons Measured by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer
Affiliations
- 1 Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- 2 INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy.
- 3 <a href="https://ror.org/042nb2s44">Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)</a>, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
- 4 Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
- 5 Jülich Supercomputing Centre and JARA-FAME, Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
- 6 <a href="https://ror.org/01ggx4157">European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)</a>, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland.
- 7 INFN Sezione di Roma 1, 00185 Roma, Italy.
- 8 INFN TIFPA, 38123 Trento, Italy.
- 9 Università di Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy.
- 10 Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA.
- 11 Università di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy.
- 12 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Houston, Texas 77058, USA.
- 13 Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands.
- 14 Università di Roma La Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy.
- 15 INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy.
- 16 DPNC, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland.
- 17 CNR-IROE, 50125 Firenze, Italy.
- 18 INFN Sezione di Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy.
- 19 Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
- 20 Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
- 21 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China.
- 22 Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
- 23 Zhejiang University (ZJU), Hangzhou 310058, China.
- 24 I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany.
- 25 Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France.
- 26 INFN Sezione di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
- 27 Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
- 28 Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
- 29 Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Türkiye.
- 30 Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France.
- 31 INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy.
- 32 Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China.
- 33 Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China.
- 34 Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), 38205 La Laguna, Spain and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
- 35 Università di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy.
- 36 Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 01000, Mexico.
- 37 National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology (NCSIST), Longtan, Tao Yuan 32546, Taiwan.
- 38 Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
- 39 Academia Sinica Grid Center (ASGC), Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
- 40 Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- 41 Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory and Space Physics and Astronomy Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland.
- 42 East-West Center for Space Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
- 43 IPST, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
- 44 Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, China.
- 45 Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland.
- 46 Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), 00133 Roma, Italy.
- 47 Physics Department and Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University (NCU), Tao Yuan 32054, Taiwan.
- 48 National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
- PMID: 38996294
- DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.261001
Properties of Cosmic Deuterons Measured by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer
Authors
Affiliations
- 1 Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- 2 INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy.
- 3 <a href="https://ror.org/042nb2s44">Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)</a>, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
- 4 Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
- 5 Jülich Supercomputing Centre and JARA-FAME, Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
- 6 <a href="https://ror.org/01ggx4157">European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)</a>, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland.
- 7 INFN Sezione di Roma 1, 00185 Roma, Italy.
- 8 INFN TIFPA, 38123 Trento, Italy.
- 9 Università di Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy.
- 10 Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA.
- 11 Università di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy.
- 12 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Houston, Texas 77058, USA.
- 13 Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands.
- 14 Università di Roma La Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy.
- 15 INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy.
- 16 DPNC, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland.
- 17 CNR-IROE, 50125 Firenze, Italy.
- 18 INFN Sezione di Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy.
- 19 Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
- 20 Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
- 21 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China.
- 22 Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
- 23 Zhejiang University (ZJU), Hangzhou 310058, China.
- 24 I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany.
- 25 Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France.
- 26 INFN Sezione di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
- 27 Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
- 28 Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
- 29 Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Türkiye.
- 30 Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France.
- 31 INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy.
- 32 Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China.
- 33 Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China.
- 34 Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), 38205 La Laguna, Spain and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
- 35 Università di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy.
- 36 Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 01000, Mexico.
- 37 National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology (NCSIST), Longtan, Tao Yuan 32546, Taiwan.
- 38 Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
- 39 Academia Sinica Grid Center (ASGC), Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
- 40 Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- 41 Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory and Space Physics and Astronomy Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland.
- 42 East-West Center for Space Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
- 43 IPST, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
- 44 Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, China.
- 45 Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland.
- 46 Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), 00133 Roma, Italy.
- 47 Physics Department and Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University (NCU), Tao Yuan 32054, Taiwan.
- 48 National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
- PMID: 38996294
- DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.261001
Abstract
Precision measurements by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) on the International Space Station of the deuteron (D) flux are presented. The measurements are based on 21×10^{6} D nuclei in the rigidity range from 1.9 to 21 GV collected from May 2011 to April 2021. We observe that over the entire rigidity range the D flux exhibits nearly identical time variations with the p, ^{3}He, and ^{4}He fluxes. Above 4.5 GV, the D/^{4}He flux ratio is time independent and its rigidity dependence is well described by a single power law ∝R^{Δ} with Δ_{D/^{4}He}=-0.108±0.005. This is in contrast with the ^{3}He/^{4}He flux ratio for which we find Δ_{^{3}He/^{4}He}=-0.289±0.003. Above ∼13 GV we find a nearly identical rigidity dependence of the D and p fluxes with a D/p flux ratio of 0.027±0.001. These unexpected observations indicate that cosmic deuterons have a sizable primarylike component. With a method independent of cosmic ray propagation, we obtain the primary component of the D flux equal to 9.4±0.5% of the ^{4}He flux and the secondary component of the D flux equal to 58±5% of the ^{3}He flux.
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