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. 2024 Jun 26;14(13):1880.
doi: 10.3390/ani14131880.

Effects of Low-Salinity Stress on Histology and Metabolomics in the Intestine of Fenneropenaeus chinensis

Caijuan Tian  1   2 , Qiong Wang  1   3 , Tian Gao  1   4 , Huarui Sun  1   4 , Jitao Li  1   3 , Yuying He  1   3
Affiliations

Effects of Low-Salinity Stress on Histology and Metabolomics in the Intestine of Fenneropenaeus chinensis

Caijuan Tian et al. Animals (Basel). .

Abstract

Metabolomics has been used extensively to identify crucial molecules and biochemical effects induced by environmental factors. To understand the effects of acute low-salinity stress on Fenneropenaeus chinensis, intestinal histological examination and untargeted metabonomic analysis of F. chinensis were performed after exposure to a salinity of 15 ppt for 3, 7, and 14 d. The histological examination revealed that acute stress resulted in most epithelial cells rupturing, leading to the dispersion of nuclei in the intestinal lumen after 14 days. Metabolomics analysis identified numerous differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) at different time points after exposure to low-salinity stress, in which some DEMs were steadily downregulated at the early stage of stress and then gradually upregulated. We further screened 14 overlapping DEMs, in which other DEMs decreased significantly during low-salinity stress, apart from L-palmitoylcarnitine and vitamin A, with enrichments in phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, fatty acid and retinol metabolism, and ABC transporters. ABC transporters exhibit significant abnormalities and play a vital role in low-salinity stress. This study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the responses of F. chinensis to acute salinity stress.

Keywords: ABC transporters; metabolites; morphology; salinity; shrimp intestine.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Intestine histological morphology of F. chinensis under low-salinity stress. (A) Intestine structure of C0, Χ400; (B) intestine structure of S3, Χ400; (C) intestine structure of S7, Χ400; (D) intestine structure of S14, Χ400. (a) Nuclei, (b) epithelium, (c) brush border, (d) lumen, rule: 100 μm.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Multivariate modeling of LC-MS data in response to low-salinity stress in F. chinensis. (A) PCA score plot and (B) validation PLS-DA score plot in S3; (C) PCA score plot and (D) validation PLS-DA score plot in S7; (E) PCA score plot and (F) validation PLS-DA score plot in S14.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Information of intestine differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) of F. chinensis under low-salinity stress. (A) numbers of DEMs in S3, S7, and S14 vs. C0. (B) DEMs are expressed by a heatmap in S3. (C) DEMs are expressed by a heatmap in S7. (D) DEMs are expressed by a heatmap in S14. DEMs indicated by a Venn diagram in the positive (E) and negative (F) iron mode.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The top 20 KEGG enrichment analysis of DEMs in response to low-salinity stress. (A) enrichment analysis of DEMs in S3 vs. C0. (B) enrichment analysis of DEMs in S7 vs. C0. (C) enrichment analysis of DEMs in S14 vs. C0.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Information of 14 key DEMs in the intestine of F. chinensis in response to low-salinity stress. (A) Heatmap and (B) Spearman’s correlation analysis of DEMs. Numbers represent the correlation coefficient values between different DEMs; red and blue indicate positive and negative correlation.
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