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. 2024 Jul 5;14(13):1981.
doi: 10.3390/ani14131981.

Assessment of Encapsulated Probiotic Lactococcus lactis A12 Viability Using an In Vitro Digestion Model for Tilapia

Marcelo Fernando Valle Vargas  1 , María Ximena Quintanilla-Carvajal  1 , Luisa Villamil-Diaz  1 , Ruth Yolanda Ruiz Pardo  1 , Francisco Javier Moyano  2
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Assessment of Encapsulated Probiotic Lactococcus lactis A12 Viability Using an In Vitro Digestion Model for Tilapia

Marcelo Fernando Valle Vargas et al. Animals (Basel). .

Abstract

Probiotics face harsh conditions during their transit through the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of fish because of low-pH environments and intestine fluid. Therefore, the evaluation of probiotic viability under simulated gastrointestinal conditions is an important step to consider for probiotic supplementation in fish feed prior to in vivo trials. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of stomach and intestinal simulated conditions on the viability of encapsulated Lactococcus lactis A12 using an in vitro digestion model for tilapia. A Box Behnken design was used to evaluate the potential effect of three factors, namely stomach pH, residence time in the stomach, and enzyme quantity, on the viability of encapsulated Lactococcus lactis A12. As the main results, low pH (4.00), long residence time (4 h), and enzyme quantity (2.68 U of total protease activity) led to lower final cell counts after the phases of the stomach and intestine. Encapsulated probiotic bacteria showed higher viability (p < 0.05) and antibacterial activity (p < 0.05) against the pathogen Streptococcus agalactiae than non-encapsulated bacteria. The results suggest that L. lactis A12 survives in GIT conditions and that the proposed in vitro model could be used to explore the viability of probiotic bacteria intended for fish feed supplementation.

Keywords: Lactococcus lactis; Nile tilapia; digestion; encapsulated; in vitro; probiotic.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Viable cell counts of L. lactis A12 at different pH values. Different capital letters (A–C) indicate significant difference (p < 0.05). CTRLi: Initial cell count of L. lactis A12. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Viable cell counts of L. lactis A12 at different times. Different capital letters (A–D) indicate a significant difference (p < 0.05). Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Viable cell counts of L. lactis A12 at different initial probiotic dosages for the stomach phase. Different capital letters (A–G) indicate significant differences (p < 0.05). Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Viable cell counts of L. lactis A12 at different initial probiotic dosages for the intestine phase. Different capital letters (A–F) indicate a significant difference (p < 0.05). Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Contour plots for SC (A), IC (B,C), and TC (D,E).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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