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Review
. 2024 Jun 25;17(13):3117.
doi: 10.3390/ma17133117.

Current Status and Trends of Low-Temperature Steel Used in Polar Regions

Qiaoling Xiao  1 , Yaozhou Xie  1 , Feng Hu  1 , Chengyang Hu  1
Affiliations
Review

Current Status and Trends of Low-Temperature Steel Used in Polar Regions

Qiaoling Xiao et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

The desire to explore the natural resources and geopolitical patterns of the North and South Poles has significantly increased the interest of experts and researchers in the development and utilization of the polar regions. In this article, we comprehensively analyzed the current state of the development of polar low-temperature steel around the world. We highlighted the challenges that must be addressed in the ongoing development efforts and summarized the expected future trends in this field. The main theme of this article involves the challenges encountered in polar environments primarily caused by the low-temperature toughness and seawater corrosion of marine steel.

Keywords: anticorrosion; corrosion; low temperature toughness; low-temperature steel; polar steel.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Microstructure after heat treatment (710 °C); (a,d) furnaced-cooled sample; (b,e) air-cooled sample; and (c,f) water-cooled sample revealed using nital and Lepera etchants, respectively [43].
Figure 2
Figure 2
Impact toughness energy comparison at −100 °C and −45 °C [43].
Figure 3
Figure 3
A schematic diagram of the mechanism by which USRP strengthens the low-temperature mechanical properties of FH36 marine steel [48]. The surface grains of FH36 marine steel exhibited a uniform distribution before using the USRP approach and a few dislocations were also randomly dispersed within the grains (a). After utilizing USRP, the surface grains of FH36 marine steel underwent fracture due to exposure to high-frequency vibrations and dynamic impact (b).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Propagation diagram of cleavage crack in bainite and acicular ferrite.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The morphology of acicular ferrite nucleated on inclusions in low-carbon steel: (a) two-dimensional morphology and (b) three-dimensional morphology (white). The color represents acicular ferrite [50].
Figure 6
Figure 6
Schematic diagram of low-temperature toughness optimization of low-temperature steel. The typical factors affecting the low-temperature toughness properties of pipeline steel are shown, including composition (Nb, V, Mo, Cr, and B) and process parameters (finish cooling temperature, cooling rate, and rolling reduction).
Figure 7
Figure 7
Corrosion area of traditional marine environment.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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