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. 2024 Jul 7;17(13):3356.
doi: 10.3390/ma17133356.

A Zn-Ca-Based Metallic Glass Composite Material for Rapid Degradation of Azo Dyes

Gaojiong Wang  1 , Xin Wang  1 , Wei Yang  1 , Lichen Zhao  1 , Yumin Qi  1
Affiliations

A Zn-Ca-Based Metallic Glass Composite Material for Rapid Degradation of Azo Dyes

Gaojiong Wang et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

The catalytic capabilities of metals in degrading azo dyes have garnered extensive interest; however, selecting highly efficient metals remains a significant challenge. We have developed a Zn-Ca-based metallic glass composite which shows outstanding degradation efficiency for Direct Blue 6. This alloy comprises a Zn2Ca crystalline phase and an amorphous matrix, allowing for the degradation of azo dyes within minutes in a wide temperature range of 0-60 °C. Kinetic calculations reveal an exceptionally low activation energy of 8.99 kJ/mol. The rapid degradation is attributed to the active element Ca and the unique amorphous structure of the matrix, which not only facilitates abundant redox conditions but also minimizes the hydrolysis of the active element. The newly developed metallic glass composite exhibits a notably higher azo dye degradation rate compared to those of general metallic glasses, offering a new avenue for the rapid degradation of azo dyes. This paper holds significant importance for the development of novel azo dye wastewater treatment agents.

Keywords: azo dye degradation; in situ composite; metallic glass composite; zinc–calcium.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(a) Metallographic microscope photo of powder sample; (b) particle size statistic histogram; (c) XRD pattern; (d) DSC curve.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(a) Optical photos of residual solutions degraded for different times at different temperatures; (b–e) absorption spectra of residual solutions degraded for different times at 0, 20, 40, and 60 °C, respectively; (f) relative absorbance vs. degradation time curves at different temperatures; (g) azo dye removal rate; (h) degradation reaction kinetics curves at different temperatures, fitted according to second-order reaction kinetics equations; (i) Arrhenius equation fitting diagram.
Figure 3
Figure 3
SEM images of the Zn45Mg11Ca40Sr4 alloy powder after degrading DB6 for 60 min at different magnifications: (a) 500×; (b) 2000×; (c) 10,000×; (d) 20,000×.
Figure 4
Figure 4
XPS spectra of the Zn45Mg11Ca40Sr4 alloy powder before and after azo dye degradation test: (a) Ca 2p; (b) Mg 1s; (c) Zn 2p; (d) O 1s.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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