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. 2024 Jun 30;13(13):3873.
doi: 10.3390/jcm13133873.

Non-Motor Symptoms in Primary Familial Brain Calcification

Giulia Bonato  1   2 , Paola Cimino  1 , Francesca Pistonesi  1 , Leonardo Salviati  3 , Cinzia Bertolin  3 , Miryam Carecchio  1   2
Affiliations

Non-Motor Symptoms in Primary Familial Brain Calcification

Giulia Bonato et al. J Clin Med. .

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Primary Familial Brain Calcification is a rare neurodegenerative disorder of adulthood characterized by calcium deposition in the basal ganglia and other brain areas; the main clinical manifestations include movement disorders, mainly parkinsonism. Non-motor symptoms are not well defined in PFBC. This work aims at defining the burden of non-motor symptoms in PFBC. Methods: A clinical, genetic and neuropsychological evaluation of a cohort of PFBC patients, COMPASS-31 scale administration. Results: A total of 50 PFBC patients were recruited; in 25, the genetic test was negative; 10 carried mutations in SLC20A2 gene, 8 in MYORG, 3 in PDGFB, 1 in PDGFRB, 2 in JAM2 (single mutations), and one test is still ongoing. The main motor manifestation was parkinsonism. Headache was reported in 26% of subjects (especially in PDGFB mutation carriers), anxiety or depression in 62%, psychosis or hallucinations in 10-12%, sleep disturbances in 34%; 14% of patients reported hyposmia, 32% constipation, and 34% urinary disturbances. A neuropsychological assessment revealed cognitive involvement in 56% (sparing memory functions, to some extent). The COMPASS-31 mean score was 20.6, with higher sub-scores in orthostatic intolerance and gastrointestinal problems. MYORG patients and subjects with cognitive decline tended to have higher scores and bladder involvement compared to other groups. Conclusions: The presence of non-motor symptoms is frequent in PFBC and should be systematically assessed to better meet patients' needs.

Keywords: COMPASS-31; PFBC; non-motor symptoms.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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