Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2024 Jul 6;16(13):2156.
doi: 10.3390/nu16132156.

Effects of Lipoproteins on Metabolic Health

Obaida Albitar  1 , Crystal M D'Souza  2 , Ernest A Adeghate  2
Affiliations
Review

Effects of Lipoproteins on Metabolic Health

Obaida Albitar et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

Lipids are primarily transported in the bloodstream by lipoproteins, which are macromolecules of lipids and conjugated proteins also known as apolipoproteins. The processes of lipoprotein assembly, secretion, transportation, modification, and clearance are crucial components of maintaining a healthy lipid metabolism. Disruption in any of these steps results in pathophysiological abnormalities such as dyslipidemia, obesity, insulin resistance, inflammation, atherosclerosis, peripheral artery disease, and cardiovascular diseases. By studying these genetic mutations, researchers can gain valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms that govern the relationship between protein structure and its physiological role. These lipoproteins, including HDL, LDL, lipoprotein(a), and VLDL, mainly serve the purpose of transporting lipids between tissues and organs. However, studies have provided evidence that apo(a) also possesses protective properties against pathogens. In the future, the field of study will be significantly influenced by the integration of recombinant DNA technology and human site-specific mutagenesis for treating hereditary disorders. Several medications are available for the treatment of dyslipoproteinemia. These include statins, fibrates, ezetimibe, niacin, PCSK9 inhibitors, evinacumab, DPP 4 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists GLP1RAs, GLP-1, and GIP dual receptor agonists, in addition to SGLT2 inhibitors. This current review article exhibits, for the first time, a comprehensive reflection of the available body of publications concerning the impact of lipoproteins on metabolic well-being across various pathological states.

Keywords: cardiovascular diseases; diabetes mellitus; dyslipidemia; health; homeostasis; inflammation; lipid metabolism; lipoproteins; pharmacotherapy; recombinant DNA technology.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

All authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Illustrative representation of the chemical structure of lipoproteins.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Graphical representation of the effect of impaired lipoprotein metabolism of cardiovascular diseases.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Ding W.Y., Protty M.B., Davies I.G., Lip G.Y.H. Relationship between lipoproteins, thrombosis, and atrial fibrillation. Cardiovasc. Res. 2022;118:716–731. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvab017. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Luo J., Yang H., Song B.-L. Mechanisms and regulation of cholesterol homeostasis. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2020;21:225–245. doi: 10.1038/s41580-019-0190-7. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Feingold K.R. Lipid and Lipoprotein Metabolism. Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. N. Am. 2022;51:437–458. doi: 10.1016/j.ecl.2022.02.008. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Kane J.P., Pullinger C.R., Goldfine I.D., Malloy M.J. Dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus: Role of lipoprotein species and interrelated pathways of lipid metabolism in diabetes mellitus. Curr. Opin. Pharmacol. 2021;61:21–27. doi: 10.1016/j.coph.2021.08.013. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Olson R.E. Discovery of the lipoproteins, their role in fat transport and their significance as risk factors. J. Nutr. 1998;128:439S–443S. doi: 10.1093/jn/128.2.439S. - DOI - PubMed