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Review
. 2024 Jul 6;16(13):2474.
doi: 10.3390/cancers16132474.

Cardiotoxicity in Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Adults: A Scoping Study

Ioannis Konstantinidis  1   2 , Sophia Tsokkou  1   2 , Savvas Grigoriadis  3 , Lalayianni Chrysavgi  4 , Eleni Gavriilaki  1
Affiliations
Review

Cardiotoxicity in Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Adults: A Scoping Study

Ioannis Konstantinidis et al. Cancers (Basel). .

Abstract

Introduction: According to the National Cancer Institute of the NIH, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a rapidly growing cancer with a large quantity of myeloblasts. AML is most often observed in adults over the age of 35, accounting for 1% of all cancer types. In 2023, the number of new cases being reported was estimated to reach around 20,380 in total and the rate of mortality in the same year was 1.9%, or 11,310 cases, in the US. Purpose: This scoping study aims to extensively assess and explore the degree of cardiotoxicity in patients with AML that can be caused due to pharmaceutical treatments prescribed by hematologists. This is achieved by performing extensive searches of different scientific databases including PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. Results: A variety of options are available that are summarized in tables included herein, with each having their advantages and risks of adverse effects, among these being cardiotoxicity. Important medications found to play a significant role include gemtuzumab ozogamicin, venetoclax, and vyxeos. Conclusions: It is understandable that being familiar with all the treatment options available and every potential adverse effect is impossible. However, hematologists and, in general, physicians must try to be updated with the most recent information released to improve the quality of life of their patients and minimize the risk of additional complications.

Keywords: acute myeloid leukemia (AML); cardio-oncology; cardiotoxicity; cardiovascular complications; pharmaceutical options.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 3
Figure 3
Symptomatology. Created using BioRender [accessed on 20 May 2024). Available online: https://app.biorender.com/illustrations/65ff040d4603630b1370a481].
Figure 1
Figure 1
AML under the optical microscope, created using BioRender [accessed on 20 May 2024). Available online: https://app.biorender.com/illustrations/65ff040d4603630b1370a481].
Figure 2
Figure 2
AML subtypes and rates.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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