Pituitary Complications of Checkpoint Inhibitor Use

Abstract

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized cancer therapy but are associated with a risk of endocrine immune-related adverse events, including pituitary complications. Autoimmune hypophysitis, traditionally a rare diagnosis, has become a more frequently encountered clinical entity with the emergence of antitumor immunotherapy. This mini-review aims to consolidate current knowledge, encompassing the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of pituitary complications of immune checkpoint inhibitor use.

Keywords: central adrenal insufficiency; central hypothyroidism; hypogonadism; hypophysitis; hypopituitarism; immune checkpoint inhibitors.