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Case Reports
. 2024 Nov;84(7):791-796.
doi: 10.1002/jdn.10364. Epub 2024 Jul 14.

A rare pediatric patient of anti-IgLON5 encephalitis with epileptic seizures as the first symptom

Jiao Xue  1 , Zhenfeng Song  1 , Hongshan Zhao  2 , Zhi Yi  1 , Fei Li  1 , Chengqing Yang  1 , Kaixuan Liu  1 , Ying Zhang  1
Affiliations
Case Reports

A rare pediatric patient of anti-IgLON5 encephalitis with epileptic seizures as the first symptom

Jiao Xue et al. Int J Dev Neurosci. 2024 Nov.

Abstract

Background: Anti-IgLON5 encephalitis was a rare neurological and heterogeneous disorder, which was mainly found in adults. Epileptic seizures related to anti-IgLON5 disease were rarely reported.

Methods: Neural antibodies associated with autoimmune encephalitis in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were tested using cell-based assays (CBA) with immunofluorescence double staining. The antibodies in serum were further confirmed by tissue-based assay (TBA) with rat brain and kidney tissue.

Results: We reported a pediatric case presented with epileptic seizures, cognitive impairments, and sleep disorders. Autoantibody screening showed anti-IgLON5 antibody IgG (1:100+) and anti-NMDAR antibody IgG (1:10+) in the serum. She was diagnosed as anti-IgLON5 encephalitis. Her conditions improved rapidly by treated with intravenous immunoglobulin and high dose intravenous methylprednisolone.

Conclusion: We described the second pediatric case with anti-IgLON5 encephalitis, who was also the first presented with epileptic seizures as the initial presentation. Anti-IgLON5 encephalitis might have mild manifestations. For patients with new onset seizures associated with cognitive impairments and sleep disturbances, anti-IgLON5 antibody should be tested as early, even in children.

Keywords: anti‐IgLON5 encephalitis; anti‐NMDAR antibodies; epileptic seizure.

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References

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