Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2024 Sep;25(9):105147.
doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2024.105147. Epub 2024 Jul 11.

Characteristics Associated With Homebound Vaccination Against COVID-19

Jennifer Ren  1 , Anish Kumar  2 , Duzhi Zhao  3 , Katherine A Ornstein  4 , Peter M Gliatto  5
Affiliations

Characteristics Associated With Homebound Vaccination Against COVID-19

Jennifer Ren et al. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2024 Sep.

Abstract

Objectives: Homebound patients are older and suffer from multiple comorbidities, and many experienced difficulties getting vaccinated because of their inability to routinely leave the home due to health and function. Home-based primary care (HBPC) programs offer vaccination at home to reach this high-risk population. We evaluated an urban HBPC program's COVID-19 vaccination campaign to explore whether home-based vaccination can reduce inequity in vaccine administration or improve vaccine efforts.

Design: We conducted a cross-sectional study to examine characteristics of homebound patients who were vaccinated through an HBPC program or were vaccinated elsewhere.

Setting and participants: We analyzed 795 patients enrolled in the HBPC program who were eligible for vaccination at home in 2021.

Methods: We collected vaccination data from patients, demographic data from the electronic medical record, and neighborhood-level characteristics for each patient based on census tract.

Results: Homebound patients vaccinated by HBPC were significantly more likely than homebound patients vaccinated outside of the program to have a history of dementia (P = .003), live in public housing (P < .001), have Medicaid (P = .005), be enrolled in HBPC for longer (P = .03), and live in neighborhoods with higher proportions of immigrants (P = .022), lower English proficiency (P = .007), lower computer usage (P = .001), and greater poverty (P < .001).

Conclusion and implications: Home-based vaccination campaigns may help lower-resourced patients get vaccinated by mitigating logistic barriers and using the influence of trusted patient-provider relationships established through HBPCs.

Keywords: Covid-19; dementia; health equity; home-based care; homebound; vaccines.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest

The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
Selection of the HBPC cohort under study. Illustrated is breakdown of potentially eligible participants and their inclusion/exclusion based on the reason listed in the corresponding box. “n” refers to the number of participants in each category (delineated using boxes), and arrows demonstrate a filtered subset of participants based on the criteria listed in the box.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

References

    1. COVID-19 Vaccinations in the United States, County | Data | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Data.CDC.gov. Accessed July 26, 2022. https://data.cdc.gov/Vaccinations/COVID-19-Vaccinations-in-the-United-St...
    1. Franzosa E, Gorbenko K, Brody AA, et al. “At Home, with Care”: Lessons from New York City Home-based Primary Care Practices Managing COVID-19. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2021;69(2):300–306. doi:10.1111/jgs.16952 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Ornstein KA, Leff B, Covinsky KE, et al. Epidemiology of the Homebound Population in the United States. JAMA Intern Med. 2015;175(7):1180. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.1849 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Franzosa E, Kim P, Reckrey JM, et al. Care Disruptions and End-Of-Life Care Experiences Among Home-Based Primary Care Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic in New York City: A Retrospective Chart Review. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. Published online July 1, 2022:104990912211047. doi:10.1177/10499091221104732 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Gliatto P, Franzosa E, Chavez S, et al. Covid-19 Vaccines for Homebound Patients and Their Caregivers. New England Journal of Medicine Catalyst. Published online 2021:14.

Substances