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. 2024 Jun 15;10(12):e33034.
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33034. eCollection 2024 Jun 30.

Bacterial communities and signatures in the stomach and intestine of juvenile P enaeus (litopenaeus) vannamei shrimp affected by acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease

Guillermo Reyes  1 , Betsy Andrade  1 , Irma Betancourt  1 , Fanny Panchana  1 , Cristhian Preciado  1 , Bonny Bayot  1   2
Affiliations

Bacterial communities and signatures in the stomach and intestine of juvenile P enaeus (litopenaeus) vannamei shrimp affected by acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease

Guillermo Reyes et al. Heliyon. .

Abstract

Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis (AHPND) is a severe bacterial disease affecting farmed shrimp. Although various pathogenic bacteria associated with AHPND-affected shrimp have been described, little is known about the bacterial signatures in the stomachs and intestines when the disease occurs naturally. In this study, we characterized the microbiome of P. vannamei by high-throughput sequencing (HTS). Shrimp samples were collected from a commercial farm and divided into two groups: healthy and affected by AHPND, confirmed by PCR. Stomach and intestine samples were subjected to microbiome analysis targeting the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. PERMANOVA analysis revealed a significant disparity in the bacterial diversity between the stomach and intestine microbiomes of these two health conditions. Our results suggest that the significant abundance of Vibrio brasiliensis and V. sinaloensis in the intestines of affected shrimp plays a role in AHPND infection. This imbalance could be mitigated by the presence of Pseudoalteromonas, Gilvimarinus, and other members of the phylum Pseudomonadota such as Cellvibrionaceae, Psychromonadaceae, and Halieaceae, which showed significant abundance in healthy intestines. This study highlights the significance of the microbial community in the differentiation of specific microbial signatures in different organs of P. vannamei. These findings offer a deeper understanding of the intricate dynamics within the shrimp microbiome under these conditions, enriching our view of AHPND progression and paving the way toward future identification of probiotics tailored for more efficient management of this disease.

Keywords: 16S rDNA amplicon; Biomarkers; Farmed shrimp; Gastrointestinal microbiota; Microbiome; Shrimp probiotics; Vibriosis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Experimental design for the analysis of bacterial communities in the stomach and intestine of P. vannamei juvenile shrimp affected by AHPND. Figure created with BioRender.com.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Histological sections of juvenile P. vannamei shrimp stained with hematoxylin and eosin solutions. The structure of the hepatopancreas tubules is observed under normal conditions (red arrow) at 4x(A) and 10x(B). Severe necrosis of the hepatopancreas tubules (red arrow), characteristic of the terminal phase of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) at 4x(C) and 10x(D). The structure of the stomach epithelium is observed under normal conditions (red arrow) at 4x(E) and 10x(F). Detachment of the epithelial cells of the stomach, severe necrosis, and infiltration of hemocytes produced by AHPND (red arrow) at 4x(G), and 10x(H). The epithelium of the intestine is observed in normal conditions (red arrow) at 4x(I) and 10x(J). Detachment of the epithelial cells of the intestine, severe necrosis, and infiltration of hemocytes produced by AHPND (red arrow) at 4x(K) and 10x(L).
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
(A). Unique and common number of bacterial ASVs present in the stomachs and intestines of healthy and AHPND-affected P. vannamei shrimp. (B) Average of the ASVs observed in each of the samples.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Relative abundance of bacterial communities in stomachs and intestines of healthy and AHPND-affected P. vannamei shrimp. Taxonomic diversity is described at the levels of: (A) Phylum; (B) Order; (C) Family; and (D) Genus.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) based on the Bray-Curtis index shows the differences of bacterial communities between healthy and AHPND-affected stomachs (A) and intestines (B) of P. vannamei. Furthermore, the comparison is drawn in (C) between healthy intestines and healthy stomachs, and in (D) between intestines and stomachs affected by AHPND.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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