Higher rates of intraoperative fractures with compaction broaching compared to conventional broaching during hip hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fractures

Abstract

Purpose: Intraoperative periprosthetic femoral fracture (IPFF) is a known iatrogenic complication during hemiarthroplasty (HA) which may lead to inferior outcomes. The risk factors for IPFF during HA in displaced femoral neck fractures (FNF) remains to be fully elucidated. This study aims to compare IPFF rates between compaction broaching and conventional broaching techniques for cementless HA in FNF.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed institutional surgical data of patients who underwent cementless HA for displaced FNF from January 2010 to January 2022. Patients were stratified into two groups based on the broaching system: conventional broaching and compaction broaching. The presence, location, and treatment of IPFF were assessed for both groups. Effect of IPFF on postoperative weight-bearing status, mortality readmission and revision rates were compared between groups.

Results: A total of 1,586 patients included in the study. 1252 patients (78.9%) in the conventional broaching group and 334 patients (21.1%) in the compaction broaching group. A total of 104 IPFF were found (6.5%). As compared to conventional broaching, compaction broaching was associated with significant higher IPFF rates (12.9% vs. 4.9%, p < 0.001, OR 2.84, CI 1.88-4.30). The location of the IPFF was similar between groups (p = 0.366), as well as the intraoperative treatment (p = 0.103) and postoperative weight-bearing status (p = 0.640). Surgical time, mortality rates, readmission rates and revision rates were comparable between groups. In a multivariate regression analysis, compaction broaching (OR, 4.24; p < 0.001) was independently associated with IPFF.

Conclusions: This study reveals higher rates of IPFF associated with compaction broaching. Although this finding may have minimal clinical relevance, surgeons should consider these results when considering implant selection.

Keywords: Broaching; Hip hemiarthroplasty; Intraoperative periprosthetic fracture.