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. 2024 Aug;10(4):e902.
doi: 10.1002/cre2.902.

Adhesion of Candida albicans on PTFE membranes used in guided bone regeneration

Adel Al-Asfour  1 , Maribasappa Karched  2 , Syed Saad Bin Qasim  2 , Gregor-Georg Zafiropoulos  1
Affiliations

Adhesion of Candida albicans on PTFE membranes used in guided bone regeneration

Adel Al-Asfour et al. Clin Exp Dent Res. 2024 Aug.

Abstract

Objectives: Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a core procedure used to regenerate bone defects. The aim of the study was to investigate the adherence of Candida albicans on six commercially available polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes used in GBR procedures and the subsequent clinical consequences.

Materials and methods: Six commercially available PTFE membranes were tested. Two of the membranes had a textured surface and the other four a plane, nontextured one. C. albicans (ATCC 24433) was cultured for 24 h, and its cell surface hydrophobicity was assessed using a modified method. C. albicans adhesion to membrane discs was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Results: C. albicans was found to be hydrophobic (77.25%). SEM analysis showed that C. albicans adherence to all membranes examined was characterized by patchy, scattered, and small clustered patterns except for one nontextured membrane with a most rough surface in which a thick biofilm was observed. Real-time PCR quantification revealed significantly greater adhesion of C. albicans cells to PTFE membranes than the control membrane (p ≤ .001) with the membranes having a textured surface exhibiting the highest count of 2680 × 104 cells/ml compared to the count of 707 × 104 cells/mL on those with a nontextured one (p ≤ .001). One membrane with nontextured surface, but with most rough surface was found to exhibit the highest count of 3010 × 104 cells/ml (p ≤ .05).

Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that C. albicans adhesion on membranes' surfaces depends on the degree of surface roughness and/or on the presence of a texture. Textured PTFE membranes and/or membranes high roughness showed significantly more adhered C. albicans cells. These findings can impact the surgeon's choice of GBR membrane and postoperative maintenance.

Keywords: C. albicans; PTFE membranes; guided bone regeneration/GBR.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Scanning electron microscopy images of textured and nontextured polytetrafluoroethylene membranes showing surface roughness characteristics. The images are reproduced here after obtaining Copy Rights permission from the journal “materials” by the publisher MDPI (Qasim et al., 2023). NTXT, nontextured.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Scanning electron microscopy of Candida albicans attachment to textured and control polytetrafluoroethylene membranes. Bar = 1 µm, 10,000× magnification. PVDF, polyvinylidene fluoride; TXT, textured.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Scanning electron microscopy of Candida albicans attachment to nontextured and control polytetrafluoroethylene membranes. Bar = 1 µm, 10,000× magnification. PVDF, polyvinylidene fluoride; NTXT, nontextured.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Quantification of Candida albicans attached to textured and nontextured polytetrafluoroethylene membranes by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. PVDF, polyvinylidene fluoride; NTXT, nontextured; TXT, textured.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Quantification of Candida albicans attached to nontextured polytetrafluoroethylene membranes by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. NTXT, nontextured.
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