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Review
. 2024 Jul 2:15:1384966.
doi: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1384966. eCollection 2024.

Mitochondrial dysfunction and its association with age-related disorders

Indumathi Somasundaram  1 , Samatha M Jain  2 , Marcel Blot-Chabaud  3 , Surajit Pathak  2 , Antara Banerjee  2 , Sonali Rawat  4 , Neeta Raj Sharma  5 , Asim K Duttaroy  6
Affiliations
Review

Mitochondrial dysfunction and its association with age-related disorders

Indumathi Somasundaram et al. Front Physiol. .

Abstract

Aging is a complex process that features a functional decline in many organelles. Various factors influence the aging process, such as chromosomal abnormalities, epigenetic changes, telomere shortening, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial dysfunction significantly impacts aging because mitochondria regulate cellular energy, oxidative balance, and calcium levels. Mitochondrial integrity is maintained by mitophagy, which helps maintain cellular homeostasis, prevents ROS production, and protects against mtDNA damage. However, increased calcium uptake and oxidative stress can disrupt mitochondrial membrane potential and permeability, leading to the apoptotic cascade. This disruption causes increased production of free radicals, leading to oxidative modification and accumulation of mitochondrial DNA mutations, which contribute to cellular dysfunction and aging. Mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting from structural and functional changes, is linked to age-related degenerative diseases. This review focuses on mitochondrial dysfunction, its implications in aging and age-related disorders, and potential anti-aging strategies through targeting mitochondrial dysfunction.

Keywords: ROS production; chromosomal aberrations; mitochondrial DNA; mitochondrial dysfunction; mitophagy.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

None
The figure shows the effect of mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy on stem cells leading to aging.
FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
The illustration represents mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS production in aging.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
The figure represents the mitochondrial role leading to cell apoptosis and its association in aging.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
The representative illustration shows the Mutational burden and heteroplasmy in mitochondrial DNA that is linked to biological age, tobacco, and Viral infections.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Diagram represents role of healthy and unhealthy mitochondria and its association in age associated diseases.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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