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. 2024 Jul 3:11:1418393.
doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1418393. eCollection 2024.

Sugar-sweetened beverage intake and chronic low back pain

Yanting Wang  1   2 , Yuchen Tang  1 , Zhichun Li  3 , Changhai Jiang  2 , Wei Jiang  1 , Zhenming Hu  1   4
Affiliations

Sugar-sweetened beverage intake and chronic low back pain

Yanting Wang et al. Front Nutr. .

Abstract

Background: The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) has become a major public health problem globally. However, no studies have specifically examined the relationship between SSB intake and chronic low back pain (CLBP). Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between SSB intake and the risk of CLBP.

Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled participants aged 20 to 69 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. CLBP was defined as persistent LBP for a consecutive three-month period. Furthermore, SSB intake was assessed and calculated based on dietary recall interviews. Moreover, survey-weighted logistic regression models were employed to evaluate the association between SSB intake and the risk of CLBP, while the restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was used to determine whether there were nonlinear associations between SSB intake and CLBP risk. In addition, subgroup analysis was performed using stratification and interaction analysis for all covariates.

Results: A total of 4,146 participants (mean age: 43.405 years) were enrolled in the final analysis. The results of survey-weighted logistic regression models showed that SSB consumption was significantly associated with an increased risk of CLBP among individuals aged 20 to 69 years. Moreover, the results of subgroup analysis and interaction analysis demonstrated that the association between SSB intake and the risk of CLBP was modified by smoking status and hypertension. Specifically, the SSB intake-associated CLBP risk was more pronounced among current smokers or individuals with hypertension.

Conclusion: Reduction of SSB consumption might contribute to the prevention of CLBP for individuals aged 20 to 69 years. Moreover, current smokers or individuals with hypertension should be more vigilant about the SSB intake-associated CLBP risk. Nevertheless, caution should be exercised when interpreting the results of this study, as further research is necessary to explore the association between SSB consumption and CLBP, given the limitations of the current study.

Keywords: NHANES; chronic low back pain; hypertension; smoking; sugar-sweetened beverage.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flowchart of participants selection. CLBP, chronic low back pain; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; SSB, sugar-sweetened beverage.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The data distribution of SSB intake. SSB, sugar-sweetened beverage.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Relationship between SSB intake and the risk of CLBP. Model 1: adjustment for no covariates; Model 2: adjustment for age, sex, and race/ethnicity; Model 3: adjustment for all covariates. Data were fitted by a restricted cubic spline linear regression model, and the model was conducted with 4 knots at the 5th, 35th, 65th, 95th percentiles of SSB intake (reference is the median). Solid lines indicate OR values, and shadow shape indicates 95% CIs. CLBP, chronic low back pain; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; SSB, sugar-sweetened beverage.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Subgroup analysis and interaction testing. Model 1: adjustment for no covariates; Model 2: adjustment for age, sex, and race/ethnicity; Model 3: adjustment for all covariates. Covariates were not adjusted when stratified by their respective variables. 25(OH) D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; BMD, bone mineral density; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; CRP, C-reactive protein; OR, odds ratio.
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