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. 2024 Feb 1;59(Suppl 1):e114-e118.
doi: 10.1055/s-0043-1771492. eCollection 2024 Jul.

Massive Desmoplastic Fibroma of the Proximal Tibia: Case Report

Affiliations

Massive Desmoplastic Fibroma of the Proximal Tibia: Case Report

Oriol Pujol et al. Rev Bras Ortop (Sao Paulo). .

Abstract

Desmoplastic fibroma of bone is a very uncommon, benign but locally aggressive fibrogenic tumor. This report describes the case of a 45-year-old patient with a massive desmoplastic fibroma of the proximal tibia. A two-staged surgical procedure was successfully performed: wide resection and endoprosthetic reconstruction. Surgeons should be aware of the complexity of its treatment in the locally advanced and aggressive cases. A comprehensive review of the literature is also provided.

Keywords: bone neoplasms; case report; fibroma, desmoplastic; orthopedic; tibia.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflito de Interesses Os autores não têm conflito de interesses a declarar.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Preoperative images of the patient. A) The clinical photograph shows an evident knee deformity, with a hard palpable medial mass measuring 10cm. B and C) Radiographic evaluation shows a massive lytic tumor in the proximal tibia. The lesion presented an aggressive growth with bone destruction, trabeculation and extension into the fibula and the surrounding soft tissue. D, E and F) MRI images demonstrated a 13 × 15 × 13 cm mass (AP × ML × CC) with significant soft tissue involvement and displacement of neurovascular structures (white arrow). Heterogenous contrast enhancement can be observed.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Images of the first surgical stage. A) The intraoperative photograph shows the tumour wide margin resection. The neurovascular bundle was identified, dissected and protected. A relevant dead space can be observed. B, C and D) The intraoperative photograph and the postoperative x-ray images show the temporary arthrodesis performed with two intramedullary nails (anterograde tibial and retrograde femoral). Antibiotic loaded cement was used to increase the construct stability, obliterate the dead space and locally deliver antibiotic.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Images of the anatomopathological study of the surgical specimen. Negative margins were demonstrated. No necrosis was observed and only two mitoses per 10-HPF were counted. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for MDM2 and negative for sm-actin, desmin, beta-catenin, S100, CD34. FISH for MDM2 showed a polysomy, but not amplification. A) Macroscopic image of the sectioned surgical specimen showing the tibia with a white lobulated tumor that extends to soft tissues with hemorrhagic areas. B) Infiltration of the lamellar bone by the neoplasm. Image at 50x of H&E. C) Hypocellular proliferation of spindle cells with bland nuclear features organized in a longitudinal fascicular pattern on a collagenized stroma. Image at 400x of H&E. D) Few areas showing mildly atypical cells arranged in a disordered pattern. Image at 400x of H&E.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Final postoperative images. A) Knee extension , B) Knee flexion C) Full plantar flexion D) Dorsal flexion deficit (−40°). E and F) Postoperative full-length and lateral x-ray images show a correct implantation of the endoprosthetic replacement.
Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Imagens pré-operatórias do paciente. A) A fotografia clínica mostra uma evidente deformidade no joelho, com uma massa dura mediana palpável medindo 10cm. B e C) A avaliação radiográfica mostra um tumor lítico enorme na tíbia proximal. A lesão apresentava crescimento agressivo com destruição óssea, trabeculação e extensão para a fíbula e tecidos moles circundantes. D, E e F) Imagens de RM demonstraram uma massa de 13 × 15 × 13 cm (AP x ML x CC) com envolvimento significativo de partes moles e deslocamento de estruturas neurovasculares (seta branca). O realce heterogêneo do contraste pode ser observado.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Imagens da primeira etapa cirúrgica. A) A fotografia intraoperatória mostra a ressecção com margem ampla do tumor. O feixe neurovascular foi identificado, dissecado e protegido. Um espaço morto relevante pode ser observado. B, C e D) A fotografia intraoperatória e as radiografias pós-operatórias mostram a artrodese temporária realizada com duas hastes intramedulares (tibial anterógrada e femoral retrógrada). Cimento carregado com antibiótico foi usado para aumentar a estabilidade da construção, obliterar o espaço morto e fornecer antibiótico localmente.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Imagens do estudo anatomopatológico da peça cirúrgica. Margens negativas foram demonstradas. Nenhuma necrose foi observada e apenas duas mitoses por 10-HPF foram contadas. Imuno-histoquimicamente, as células tumorais foram positivas para MDM2 e negativas para sm-actina, desmina, beta-catenina, S100, CD34. FISH para MDM2 mostrou uma polissomia, mas não amplificação. A) Imagem macroscópica da peça cirúrgica seccionada mostrando a tíbia com tumor lobulado branco que se estende a partes moles com áreas hemorrágicas. B) Infiltração do osso lamelar pela neoplasia. Imagem em 50x de H&E. C) Proliferação hipocelular de células fusiformes com características nucleares suaves organizadas em um padrão fascicular longitudinal em um estroma colagenizado. Imagem em 400x de H&E. D) Poucas áreas mostrando células levemente atípicas dispostas em padrão desordenado. Imagem em 400x de H&E.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Imagens pós-operatórias finais. A) Extensão de joelho, B) Flexão de joelho C) Flexão plantar completa D) Déficit de flexão dorsal (−40°). E e F) Radiografias pós-operatórias de comprimento total e lateral mostram uma implantação correta da substituição da endoprótese.

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