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Clinical Trial
. 2024 Nov 15;230(5):1177-1186.
doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiae369.

Safety and Efficacy of SAB-185 for Nonhospitalized Adults With COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Kara W Chew  1 , Babafemi O Taiwo  2 , Carlee Moser  3 , Eric S Daar  4 , David Alain Wohl  5 , Justin Ritz  3 , Arzhang Cyrus Javan  6 , Jonathan Z Li  7 , William Fischer  5 , Alexander L Greninger  8 , Christoph Bausch  9 , Thomas Luke  9 , Robert Call  10 , Gene Neytman  11 , Mark J Giganti  3 , Courtney V Fletcher  12 , Michael D Hughes  3 , Joseph J Eron  5 , Judith S Currier  1 , Davey M Smith  13 ; ACTIV-2/A5401 Study Team
Collaborators, Affiliations
Clinical Trial

Safety and Efficacy of SAB-185 for Nonhospitalized Adults With COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Kara W Chew et al. J Infect Dis. .

Abstract

Background: We evaluated the fully human polyclonal antibody product SAB-185 in a phase 3 trial for COVID-19.

Methods: Nonhospitalized high-risk adults within 7 days of symptom onset were randomized 1:1 to open-label SAB-185 3840 units/kg or casirivimab/imdevimab 1200 mg. Noninferiority comparison was undertaken for pre-Omicron population (casirivimab/imdevimab expected to be fully active) and superiority comparison for the Omicron population (casirivimab/imdevimab not expected to be active). Primary outcomes were the composite of all-cause hospitalizations/deaths and grade ≥3 treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) through day 28. A secondary outcome was time to sustained symptom resolution.

Results: Enrollment ended early due to low hospitalization/death rates upon Omicron emergence; 255 adults were in pre-Omicron and 392 in Omicron populations. Hospitalizations/deaths occurred in 6 (5.0%) and 3 (2.2%) of pre-Omicron SAB-185 and casirivimab/imdevimab arms (absolute difference 2.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI], -2.3%-8.6%); and 5 (2.5%) versus 3 (1.5%) (absolute difference 1.0%; 95% CI, -2.3%-4.5%) for Omicron. All risk ratios for grade ≥3 TEAEs were not significant. Time to symptom resolution was significantly shorter for SAB-185 for Omicron only: 18 versus >25 days; P =.006.

Conclusions: SAB-185 had an acceptable safety profile with faster symptom resolution in the Omicron population.

Clinical trials registration: NCT04518410.

Keywords: COVID-19; SAB-185; casirivimab/imdevimab; outpatient treatment; transchromosomic.

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Conflict of interest statement

Potential conflicts of interest. K. W. C. has consulted for Pardes Biosciences. B. O. T. has received honoraria for advisory boards and consulting from Gilead Sciences. E. S. D. receives consulting fees from Gilead Sciences, Merck, and GSK/ViiV; and research support through the institution from Gilead Sciences and GSK/ViiV. D. A. W. has received funding to the institution to support research; and honoraria for advisory boards and consulting from Gilead Sciences. J. Z. L. has consulted for Abbvie. W. F. has received research funding to the institution from Ridgeback Biopharmaceuticals; served on adjudication committees for Janssen and Syneos; and consulted for Inhalon Biopharmaceuticals and Merck. A. L. G. reports contract testing from Abbott, Cepheid, Novavax, Pfizer, Janssen, and Hologic; and research support from Gilead and Merck, outside of the described work. J. J. E. is an ad hoc consultant to GSK/VIR; and data monitoring committee chair for Adagio (now Invivyd) phase 3 studies. J. S. C. has consulted for Merck and Company. D. M. S. has consulted for Fluxergy, Kiadis, Linear Therapies, VxBiosciences, Model Medicines, and Bayer Pharmaceuticals. C. B. and T. L. are employees of SAB Biotherapeutics. All other authors report no potential conflicts. All authors have submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest. Conflicts that the editors consider relevant to the content of the manuscript have been disclosed.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
CONSORT diagram. Pre-Omicron population consists of all participants with a pre-Omicron variant result (confirmed pre-Omicron) and, for those without a variant determination, participants enrolled prior to 15 December 2021 (likely pre-Omicron). Omicron population consists of all participants with an Omicron variant result (confirmed Omicron) and, for those without a variant determination, participants enrolled on or after 15 December 2021 (likely Omicron). Participants who enrolled at sites with data integrity concerns (n = 77) were excluded from the analysis. Abbreviations: Cas, casirivimab; Imd, imdevimab; mITT, modified intent-to-treat.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Time to sustained (2 days) symptom improvement and time to sustained (4 days) symptom resolution by treatment arm. The pre-Omicron population is shown in (A) (symptom improvement) and (B) (symptom resolution), and Omicron population is shown in (C) (symptom improvement) and (D) (symptom resolution). Values above the x-axis show the number of participants in each arm on selected days who are in follow-up and who have not yet met the symptom outcome.
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References

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