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. 2024 Jun 19;16(6):e62690.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.62690. eCollection 2024 Jun.

Clinical Profile and Short-Term Outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury in Elderly Patients in a Tertiary Care Center

Govind Prasad  1 , Praphull Deepankar  1 , Manoj Kumar Choudhary  1 , Arshad Ahmad  1 , Bhim Ram  1 , Naresh Kumar  1 , Prem S Patel  2
Affiliations

Clinical Profile and Short-Term Outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury in Elderly Patients in a Tertiary Care Center

Govind Prasad et al. Cureus. .

Abstract

Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and serious condition affecting elderly patients. Despite its significance, comprehensive research focusing specifically on the clinical profile and short-term outcomes of AKI in this vulnerable population is lacking. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the clinical profile and short-term outcomes of AKI in elderly patients admitted to a tertiary care center. Methods A prospective observational study was conducted from December 2023 to March 2024, involving 75 elderly patients (aged ≥65 years) diagnosed with AKI. Baseline demographic data, clinical profiles, laboratory investigations, mortality rate among elderly patients diagnosed with AKI within 30 days of diagnosis, and short-term outcomes were recorded and analyzed. Descriptive statistics and appropriate statistical tests were used for the data analysis. Results The study cohort had a mean age of 72.6 years. Hypertension was present in 55 patients (73.3%), and diabetes mellitus was observed in 30 patients (40.0%). Prerenal causes of AKI were identified in 40 patients (53.3%), while acute tubular necrosis was found in 25 patients (33.3%). Stage 2 AKI was the most common, affecting 35 patients (46.7%). Out of the 75 patients, 15 patients (20.0%) succumbed to AKI within the study period. Deceased patients had longer hospital stays, with a median of 16 days compared to 10 days for survivors. ICU admission was required for 13 of the deceased patients (86.7%), compared to 32 of the surviving patients (53.3%). The need for renal replacement therapy was higher among the deceased patients, with 11 out of 15 patients (73.3%) requiring it, compared to 19 out of 60 surviving patients (31.7%). Renal function recovery was notably lower in the deceased patients. Conclusion AKI in elderly patients was associated with significant morbidity and mortality, highlighting the need for early recognition, appropriate management, and preventive strategies. A comprehensive evaluation of the clinical profile and short-term outcomes of AKI in the elderly population provides valuable insights for optimizing patient care and improving outcomes.

Keywords: acute kidney injury; clinical profile; elderly; mortality; short-term outcomes; tertiary care center.

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Conflict of interest statement

Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences issued approval 1308/IEC/IGIMS/2023. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Kaplan-Meier curve for the data of elderly patients with AKI
AKI, acute kidney injury
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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