The infant hip: real-time US assessment of acetabular development

Abstract

Until recently, radiography was the only available means of assessing acetabular development in infants with congenital hip dysplasia. Now that real-time ultrasonography (US) is successfully employed to determine hip position in infancy, it also offers an alternative method for evaluating acetabular development. In a review of 377 US studies of infant hips, the coronal-flexion images, which show a coronal section of the acetabulum with the hip in flexion, were measured to determine the percentage of the femoral head that was covered. Radiographs were measured to determine the acetabular index (angle). Acetabuli with indices exceeding the normal range for the subject's age showed head coverage of less than 33%. The 51 sonograms in this category were all associated with clinical abnormalities, whereas the 107 with coverage greater than 58% were associated with no clinical abnormalities and with consistently normal acetabular indices. The use of US in assessing acetabular development warrants continued investigation.