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. 2024 Jul 23;24(1):414.
doi: 10.1186/s12905-024-03179-9.

Post-abortion care services in Zambian health facilities: a qualitative study of users' experiences and perceptions

Mwansa Ketty Lubeya  1   2   3   4 , Margarate Nzala Munakampe  5 , Meek Mwila  3 , Musonda Makasa  1   2 , Moses Mukosha  4   6 , Choolwe Jacobs  7 , Christabel Chigwe Phiri  3   8 , Bellington Vwalika  1   2   3 , Victor Sichone  9   10 , Benedictus Mangala  10 , Melissa Mukalumamba Haketa  3 , Andrew Kumwenda  1   2   3   4 , Patrick Kaonga  7   11
Affiliations

Post-abortion care services in Zambian health facilities: a qualitative study of users' experiences and perceptions

Mwansa Ketty Lubeya et al. BMC Womens Health. .

Abstract

Background: Despite attempts to increase Universal Health Coverage, availability, accessibility, acceptability, and quality-related challenges remain barriers to receiving essential services by women who need them. We aimed to explore the experiences and perceptions of women receiving post-abortal care services in Zambia, within a human-rights framework.

Methods: A qualitative case study was conducted between August and September 2021 in Lusaka and Copperbelt provinces of Zambia. Fifteen (15) women seeking post-abortion care services were` interviewed using audio recorders; transcribed data was analyzed using thematic analysis. We report women's experiences and perceptions of the healthcare system, their experiences of abortion, and healthcare-seeking behaviour. We used the availability, accessibility, acceptability, and quality (AAAQ) framework to understand how women claimed their right to healthcare as they sought and utilized post-abortion care services.

Results: Women who experienced spontaneous abortions delayed seeking health care by viewing symptoms as 'normal pregnancy symptoms' and not dangerous. Women also delayed seeking care because they feared the negative attitudes from their communities and the health care providers towards abortion in general, despite it being legal in Zambia. Some services were considered costly, impeding their right to access quality care.

Conclusions: Women delayed seeking care compounded by fear of negative attitudes from the community and healthcare providers. To ensure the provision and utilization of quality all abortion-related healthcare services, there is a need to increase awareness of the availability and legality of safe abortion services, the importance of seeking healthcare early for any abortion-related discomfort, and the provision and availability of free services at all levels of care should be emphasized.

Keywords: Miscarriage; Post-abortion care; Pregnancy; Unsafe abortion; Zambia.

Plain language summary

Unsafe abortions continue to be an avoidable public health concern both globally and locally. In Zambia, a fifth of maternal deaths are related to unsafe abortions. Unsafe abortions have been defined as any induced termination of pregnancy outside the health facility, performed by untrained health personnel. Several strides have been made including the provision of comprehensive abortion care in all facilities, and the training of health personnel to provide these services at different levels of healthcare. Despite the increased availability of comprehensive abortion care through liberalized abortion laws and regulations and the training of health personnel to provide these services at different levels of healthcare, the need for quality post-abortion care specifically persists. As such, we carried out in-depth interviews to explore the experiences of women who present at healthcare facilities in Lusaka and the Copperbelt provinces in Zambia seeking post-abortion services. It was found that delay in seeking care at a health facility was due to fear that the service is illegal; alongside judgment from health care providers and society for seeking such a service that is generally perceived as evil. The assumption that the cost of receiving such services is high and a general lack of awareness about the service being provided free was also expressed. The study highlighted the need for community awareness of the legal framework on abortions to ensure women access services at any time necessary without fear of being judged, which will consequently reduce the number of abortion-related disabilities and deaths.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

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