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. 2024 Jul 9:15:1378802.
doi: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1378802. eCollection 2024.

Genetic correlation and causal relationship between sleep and myopia: a mendelian randomization study

Guandong Zhu #  1   2 , Ruikang Tian #  3   4 , Dengke Zhou  5 , Xuejiao Qin  1   2
Affiliations

Genetic correlation and causal relationship between sleep and myopia: a mendelian randomization study

Guandong Zhu et al. Front Genet. .

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the genetic correlation and causal links between sleep traits (including sleep duration, chronotype, and insomnia) and myopia.

Methods: Summary data on three sleep traits (sleep duration, chronotype and insomnia) and myopia from FinnGen (n = 214,211) and UK Biobank (n = 460,536) were analyzed using linkage disequilibrium score regression (LD Score), univariable and multivariable mendelian randomization (MR) experiments and Causal Analysis Using Summary Effect (CAUSE) estimation.

Results: LD Score regression detected candidate genetic correlation between sleep traits and myopia, such as sleep duration, chronotype (Genetic Correlation Z-score >10.00, h2_observed_p < 0.005, Lambda GC > 1.05, p > 0.05). Univariable MR analyses indicated that increased sleep duration has a promotional effect on the occurrence of myopia (p = 0.046 < 0.05, P_FDR = 0.138 < 0.2, OR = 2.872, 95% CI: 1.018-8.101). However, after accounting for potential confounding factors, multivariable MR and CAUSE analysis did not provide evidence for a causal effect of the three sleep traits on myopia.

Conclusion: There may be a potential genetic correlation between sleep duration, chronotype and myopia. However, neither of sleep duration, chronotype or insomnia had causal effect on myopia.

Keywords: causal analysis using summary effect; chronotype; insomnia; mendelian randomization; myopia; sleep duration.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Flow diagram of the study design overview. (A) The flowchart of LDSC outlined eligible participants for this study. (B) The flowchart of MR and (C) CAUSE summarized sources of different confounders for each analysis. Note: SNPs, Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms; GWAS, Genome-Wide Association Study; FinnGen, Finnish Genetics of Prevalent Diseases; LDSC, Linkage Disequilibrium Score Regression.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Estimated genetic correlation of sleep traits and myopia with the LDSC method. Lambda GC was used to assess genetic structural bias in GWAS, but none of them were statistically significant (p > 0.05). Higher ratio values indicated greater contribution of genetic factors in complex traits. Larger Mean chisq values indicated stronger associations between SNPs and target traits. The value of intercept indicated the presence of basal risk for the complex trait.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
The IVW results of univariable and multivariable MR. (A) The results of the associations between sleep traits and myopia analysed by univariate MR, used FDR correction to control the false positive events. (B) The results of the associations between sleep traits and myopia analysed by multivariable MR, following the application of the Lasso method for feature selection. Note: F-statistic, used to compare the overall significance of instrumental variables; FDR, false discovery rates; OR, odds ratio. *p < 0.05.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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