The Predictive Factors of Combined Implant Application for Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Immediate Breast Reconstruction with a Pedicled Omental Flap

Abstract

Background: Whether a laparoscopically harvested omental flap is adequate for total breast reconstruction could not be determined preoperativaly due to lack of reliable assessment methods. This study aimed to establish a statistical model to predict the probability of omental flap insufficiency.

Methods: In this study, 200 female patients with breast cancer receiving immediate breast reconstruction with pure pedicled omental flaps or pedicled omental flaps combined with implants after nipple-areolar complex-sparing mastectomy were divided into two groups depending on whether implants were needed or not. The clinical characteristics of these two groups were compared. Correlation of body mass index (BMI) and omental volume was analyzed. Binary logistic regression was performed to predict the probability of implant requirement based on clinical parameters, showing significant differences between the two groups.

Results: The patients who needed implants in adjunct treatment were younger. In addition, they had larger breast specimens and smaller omental volumes than the others whose omental flaps were sufficient for total breast reconstruction. Body mass index and omental volume showed a moderately positive correlation. Age, specimen volume, and BMI all were entered into the logistic regression equation. For the patients with a BMI lower than 24.0 kg/m², the probability of requiring implants was 5.467 times that of comparable patients with a BMI of 24.0 kg/m² or higher. At the cutoff of 0.61, the regression equation yielded a sensitivity of 84.2% and a specificity of 72.1% in recognizing subjects with the necessity of implant application.

Conclusion: The combination of BMI, age, and volume of breast specimen could predict with high accuracy whether implants are required for breast cancer patients receiving pedicled omental flap-based breast reconstruction.