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. 2024 Jun 23;16(6):e63001.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.63001. eCollection 2024 Jun.

Public Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Symptoms of Acute Coronary Syndrome and Its Related Risk Factors in Western Region, Saudi Arabia

Safa H Alkalash  1   2 , Ali H Alfaqih  3 , Ebrahem R Alsohabi  3 , Alhassan H Al-Faqih  4 , Ahmed A Al-Hayli  3 , Khalid H Almahmudi  5 , Nawaf H Alrufaydi  3 , Omar S Qandus  6 , Fawaz O Alzamil  7
Affiliations

Public Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Symptoms of Acute Coronary Syndrome and Its Related Risk Factors in Western Region, Saudi Arabia

Safa H Alkalash et al. Cureus. .

Abstract

Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Recognition of its symptoms affects the time-sensitive benefits of reperfusion therapy. Furthermore, lowering the risk factors can prevent long-term complications.

Objectives: To evaluate the public knowledge and perception of the symptoms and risk factors of ACS in the Saudi-Western region.

Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a convenience sample of 733 among the general population in the western region of Saudi Arabia by using the Acute Coronary Syndrome Response Index, with additional questions about risk factors for heart attack and physical activities. The research information was acquired through a self-administered questionnaire without any identifying personal information.

Result: Participants demonstrated awareness of certain ACS symptoms and risk factors. Chest pain was widely recognized (49.2%, n = 361), followed by shortness of breath (44.8%, n = 329), arm pain or shoulder pain (38.6%, n = 283), palpitation (37.3%, n = 274), and fatigue (22.2%, n = 163). A total of 544 (74.2%) and 474 (64.6%) respondents were aware that smoking and obesity are the most common risk factors for ACS, respectively. However, gaps persisted, particularly regarding the association between diabetes mellitus and ACS, with 31.6% (n = 232) reporting diabetes mellitus. A total of 331 (45.2%) and 322 (43.9%) study sample were unsure whether they could identify ACS in themselves or other people. However, 391 (53.3%) decided that they should go to the hospital as soon as possible when they have chest pain that does not stop after 15 minutes. Notably, female participants demonstrated substantially higher knowledge (OR = 2.40, p = 0.001). The study highlights the influence of gender, age, and education on ACS-related awareness.

Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights into ACS awareness in the western region of Saudi Arabia. Relatively older respondents, female participants, and those with postgraduate education were more knowledgeable about ACS than the others. These findings emphasize the importance of tailored interventions for specific demographic groups in enhancing public health outcomes.

Keywords: acute coronary syndrome; attitude; chest pain; knowledge; symptoms.

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Conflict of interest statement

Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah City, KSA issued approval HAPO-02-K-012-2023-05-1618. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Knowledge of risk factors associated with acute coronary artery disease among individuals in the Saudi western region
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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