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Review
. 2024 Aug 14;62(8):e0072823.
doi: 10.1128/jcm.00728-23. Epub 2024 Jul 25.

Practical updates in clinical antiviral resistance testing

Hannah Wang  1
Affiliations
Review

Practical updates in clinical antiviral resistance testing

Hannah Wang. J Clin Microbiol. .

Abstract

The laboratory diagnosis of antiviral resistance is a quickly changing field due to new drug availability, the sunsetting of older drugs, the development of novel technologies, rapid viral evolution, and the financial/logistic pressures of the clinical laboratory. This mini-review summarizes the current state of clinically available antiviral resistance testing in the United States in 2024, covering the most commonly used test methods, mechanisms, and clinical indications for herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, human immunodeficiency virus, influenza, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus drug resistance testing. Common themes include the move away from phenotypic to genotypic methods for first-line clinical testing, as well as uncertainty surrounding the clinical meaningfulness of minority variant detection as next-generation sequencing methods have become more commonplace.

Keywords: antiviral agents; cytomegalovirus; drug resistance mechanisms; herpes simplex virus; human immunodeficiency virus.

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Conflict of interest statement

The author declares no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1
Most common phenotypic and genotypic antiviral resistance testing methods used clinically. Created with BioRender.com.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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