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. 2024 Jul 25;19(7):e0307778.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307778. eCollection 2024.

Evaluation of the mechanical properties of porcine kidney

Zhao Zhang  1 , Xianglong Tan  2 , Mengyang Li  2 , Wubuliaisan M  1 , Shangjian Zeng  1 , Yanqing Wu  1
Affiliations

Evaluation of the mechanical properties of porcine kidney

Zhao Zhang et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

With the development of medical diagnosis and treatment, knowing the mechanical properties of living tissues becomes critical. The aim of this study was to investigation material properties of the fresh porcine kidney and the parametric characterization of its viscoelastic material behavior. The material investigation included uniaxial tension tests in different strain rates, relaxation tests, as well as hydrostatic compression tests on the samples extracted from the fresh porcine kidney cortex. Tension tests and relaxation tests were performed by a planar dog-bone specimen with a micron loading testing machine. Hydrostatic compression tests were performed on the kidney cylinder sample which was placed in a compression chamber. Furthermore, a nonlinear viscoelastic model recently proposed by us was employed to characterize the tension data at different strain rates and relaxation test data. The the experimental and numerical results show that the stress-strain relations of the porcine kidney cortex at different strain rates in tension are presented for the first time and a higher strain rate results in higher ultimate strength and initial Young modulus but a lower rupture strain. A damage-dependent visco-elastic model is employed to model the tension data at different strain rates and relaxation data and exhibits a good agreement with the experimental data, which also demonstrates that the damage has an obvious influence on the stress-strain relation. Through comparison with the existing reference covering the uniaxial compression data, it seems that the mechanical behavior of the porcine kidney cortex manifests a stress state-dependent mechanical behavior. The ultimate strength and rupture strain are larger in compression than that in tension.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Schematic of the ‘‘radial” and the ‘‘tangential transverse” and ‘‘tangential longitudinal” directions in the kidney [10].
Fig 2
Fig 2. The triaxial compression tests.
(a) shows the schematic diagram of compression chamber. (b) presents the real set-up of compression chamber. (c) presents the cylinder sample with a radius of 12.6 mm and a height of 8.0 mm.
Fig 3
Fig 3. The mold blade used for uniaxial tension tests.
(a) presents the schematic diagram of mold blade. (b) presents the real set-up of mold blade.
Fig 4
Fig 4. The mold used for uniaxial tension tests.
(a) presents the schematic diagram of mold. (b) presents the real set-up of mold. (c) presents the final specimen in mold.
Fig 5
Fig 5. Pressure-volumetric strain data gained from the triaxial compression test on porcine kidney cortex.
Fig 6
Fig 6. Strain rate effects on the porcine kidney cortex under uniaxial tension test with different loading strains.
Fig 7
Fig 7. Engineering stress verse time data obtained from relaxation test on the porcine kidney cortex.
Fig 8
Fig 8. Determination of the model parameters.
(a) dimensionless relaxation function fit. (b) calibration to the uniaxial tensile test data at 0.001/s.
Fig 9
Fig 9. Experimental and predicted results under different strain rates.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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