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Multicenter Study
. 2024 Jul-Aug;18(4):15579883241264949.
doi: 10.1177/15579883241264949.

Pattern, Clinical Characteristics, and Impact of Family History on Prostate-Specific Antigen in Prostate Cancer: A Multicenter Study

Chinonyerem O Iheanacho  1 , Valentine U Odili  2 , Glen E Enakirerhi  3 , Edoise M Isiwele  3 , Akanimo Essiet  3   4
Affiliations
Multicenter Study

Pattern, Clinical Characteristics, and Impact of Family History on Prostate-Specific Antigen in Prostate Cancer: A Multicenter Study

Chinonyerem O Iheanacho et al. Am J Mens Health. 2024 Jul-Aug.

Abstract

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a major cause of illness and death in men of Sub-Sahara African origin. The study assessed the pattern of PCa, the effect of family history on PSA at diagnosis, and clinical characteristics of PCa in Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey of 200 participants was performed within a 12-month period in Nigeria. Data were collected through patients' interview and hospital records and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed. P values <.05 were significant. Mean age of 68.5 years was observed among the 200 study participants. Only 64 (32.0%) had a positive immediate family history of PCa, and 61 (30.5%) were not aware of their family cancer history. Most patients 140 (70.0%) had lower urinary tract symptom (LUTS)/lower back pain/leg pain, and the average Gleason score was 7.55 (±0.876). Symptoms of LUTS/lower back pain mostly occurred in patients between 58 and 79 years, while LUTS/leg pain was more common in persons between 60 and 84. Average PSA differed among participants; persons with no family cancer history (M = 143.989; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 114.849-173.129), family history of PCa (M = 165.463; 95% CI = 131.435), family history of cervical cancer (M = 133.456; 95% CI = 49.335-217.576), and persons with no knowledge of their family cancer history (M = 121.546; 95% CI = 89.234-153.857). Univariate one-way (F-Tests) showed that family history of cancer had no significant impact on patients' PSA (R2 = 0.017; adjusted R2 = 0.002; df = 3; F = 1.154; p = .329) at diagnosis. PCa mostly occurred in men within 60 to 70 years of age, and family history of cancer did not predict PSA at diagnosis. Patients presented to health facilities at advanced or metastatic stages. These findings highlight the need for policies and strategies that encourage early PCa screening.

Keywords: Nigeria; epidemiology; family history; prostate cancer; prostate-specific antigen.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Distribution of Patients’ Age at Diagnosis With Respect to Symptoms and Age-Difference Plot
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Distribution of Symptoms Based on Enrollment in Health Insurance and History of Smoking
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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