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. 2024 Mar 18;12(7):4667-4679.
doi: 10.1002/fsn3.4115. eCollection 2024 Jul.

Microorganisms in the rumen and intestine of camels have the ability to degrade 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4, 5-f]quinoline

Jialing Lin  1   2   3 , Chuanhui Zeng  1 , Xueli Li  1   2 , Qin Tang  4 , Jing Liao  5 , Yan Jiang  1 , Xianchun Zeng  1
Affiliations

Microorganisms in the rumen and intestine of camels have the ability to degrade 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4, 5-f]quinoline

Jialing Lin et al. Food Sci Nutr. .

Abstract

Heterocyclic amines (HAs) are a group of mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds produced from the processing of high-protein foods, which include 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4, 5-f]quinoline (IQ) showing the strongest carcinogenic effect. Camels are able to digest HAs in foods, which provide rich microbial resources for the study. Thus, camel rumen and intestinal microbiota were used to degrade IQ, and the dominant microorganisms and their degradation characteristics were investigated. After three generations of culture with IQ as the sole carbon source, the highest abundance in rumen and intestinal microbes was found in the Proteobacteria phylum. The strains of third generation of the rumen contents were mainly attributed to the genera Brevundimonas and Pseudomonas, and the dominant genera in intestine were Ochrobactrum, Bacillus, and Pseudomonas. Microorganisms were further isolated and purified from the third generation cultures. These 27 strains from the rumen (L1-L27) and 23 strains from the intestine (C1-C23) were obtained. Among them, four strains with the most effective degrading abilities were as follows: L6 (28.55% of IQ degrading rate) and C1 (25.19%) belonged to the genus Ochrobactrum, L15 (23.41%) belonged to the genus Pseudomonas, and C16 (20.89%) were of the genus Bacillus. This study suggested the application of abundant microbial resources from camels' digestive tract to biodegrade foodborne toxins.

Keywords: camel digestive tract; heterocyclic amines; microbial degradation; quinoline.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Rarefaction curve of rumen and intestinal samples from camels.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Principal coordinate analysis of rumen and intestinal samples from camels.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Relative abundance at the (a) phylum, (b) class, and (c) genus levels of dominant taxa of IQ‐degrading microorganisms in the digestive tract of camels.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Phylogenetic tree of 27 IQ‐degrading strains in the rumen of camels.
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
Phylogenetic tree of 23 IQ‐degrading strains in the intestine of camels.
FIGURE 6
FIGURE 6
Degradation rate of IQ by (a) 27 strains of bacteria in the rumen and (b) 23 strains of bacteria in the intestinal samples of camels.
FIGURE 7
FIGURE 7
Growth and degradation curves of four highly effective degrading strains with IQ (30 mg/L) stressed.
FIGURE 8
FIGURE 8
Morphological characteristics of four highly effective degrading strains with IQ (30 mg/L) stressed. A, B, C, and D represent samples of strains cultured on days 0, 3, 6, and 10, respectively.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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