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. 2024 May 13;12(7):5131-5146.
doi: 10.1002/fsn3.4162. eCollection 2024 Jul.

Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Lippia origanoides Kunth in diabetic rats

Vinicius Carvalho Miranda  1 , Yago Luis Gonçalves Pereira  1 , Allane Patricia Santos da Paz  1 , Keyla Rodrigues de Souza  1 , Márcia Cristina Freitas da Silva  2 , Nilton Akio Muto  3 , Patrick Romano Monteiro  4 , Agenor Valadares Santos  4 , Moises Hamoy  5 , Maria das Graças Freire de Medeiros  6 , Iolanda Souza do Carmo  7 , Maria Eduarda Moraes Silva  7 , José de Sousa Lima Neto  8 , Vanessa Jóia de Mello  1
Affiliations

Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Lippia origanoides Kunth in diabetic rats

Vinicius Carvalho Miranda et al. Food Sci Nutr. .

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder commonly associated with atherosclerosis. Plants with therapeutic potential, such as Lippia origanoides Kunth, emerge as effective alternatives for treating these diseases. Therefore, this work aims to analyze the antihyperglycemic and antidyslipidemic potential of the hydroalcoholic extract of Lippia origanoides Kunth (ELo) in alloxan-diabetic rats. Animals were treated orally: normal control, hyperglycemic control, positive control glibenclamide (5 mg/kg), and groups treated with ELo (75, 150, and 250 mg/kg). Preclinical evaluation of ELo showed hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, hepatic, and renal protective effects. At all doses, ELo significantly reduced hyperglycemia, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, atherogenic index, atherogenic coefficient, and cardiovascular risk index (p < .05). Elo at different doses promoted an increase in insulin release compared to untreated animals (p < .05) and showed α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (p < .05). Also, ELo (250 mg/kg group) showed maximum reduction of hyperglycemia, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, malonaldehyde, and urea compared to the hyperglycemic and glibenclamide groups, and creatinine only compared to the hyperglycemic groups (p < .05). The promising action of ELo in the context of diabetes may be related to the synergistic action of flavonoid compounds identified in liquid chromatography, whose pharmacological capabilities have already been documented in previous studies. The mechanisms may be the stimulation of insulin release; the inhibitory activity of α-glucosidase; improving general clinical conditions; and the antioxidant effects of the extract. These findings pave the way for the future development of an herbal presentation of L. origanoides Kunth as a hypoglycemic and cardiovascular protector with a lipid-lowering effect.

Keywords: Lippia origanoides Kunth; cardiovascular protector; diabetes; hypoglycemic.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Chromatogram of hydroalcoholic extract of Lippia origanoides Kunth (ELo) obtained by HPLC‐PDA‐ESI‐IT‐MS/MSn with UV detector at 288 nm. Peak numbers are identified in Table 1 and Figure 2. Experimental conditions are described in the Materials and Methods.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Chemical structures identified in the chromatogram of the hydroalcoholic extract of Lippia origanoides Kunth (ELo).
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Lippia origanoides Kunth (ELo) treatment on fasting blood glucose of the alloxan‐induced hyperglycemic rats. ELo treatment for 15 days (n = 10); 21 and 28 days (n = 5). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. Values with different superscripts (a–h) are significantly different from each other at p < .001 and values with the same alphabet indications have insignificant changes according to Two‐way ANOVA and Tukey's Multiple Range tests.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
(a,b) Effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Lippia origanoides Kunth (ELo) treatment on insulin and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels of the alloxan‐induced hyperglycemic rats. ELo treatment for 28 days (n = 5). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. Values with different superscripts (a–c) are significantly different from each other at p < .05 and values with the same alphabet indications have insignificant changes according to Two‐way ANOVA and Tukey's Multiple Range tests.
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
Effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of Lippia origanoides Kunth (ELo) on the relative activity of α‐glucosidase in vitro. The ELo dilutions (10.0–0.675 mg/mL) show the inhibitory activity of α‐glucosidase. Two‐way ANOVA or Dunnett's post hoc test *p < .05.
FIGURE 6
FIGURE 6
(a,b) Histopathological observations of the pancreas (a) and liver tissues (b) from alloxan‐induced hyperglycemic rats after treatment with a hydroalcoholic extract of Lippia origanoides Kunth (ELo). Photomicrographs (40X). (a) presents pancreatic β‐cells and the islet tissue section (IL). (b) shows the liver tissue sections (CV, Central vein; H, hepatocytes). For both images: ELo 75, 150 at 250 mg/kg; Glib, Glibenclamide group; HC, Hyperglycemic Control; NC, Normal Control.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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