Prevalence of Specific Mood Profile Clusters among Elite and Youth Athletes at a Brazilian Sports Club

Abstract

Those responsible for elite and youth athletes are increasingly aware of the need to balance the quest for superior performance with the need to protect the physical and psychological wellbeing of athletes. As a result, regular assessment of risks to mental health is a common feature in sports organisations. In the present study, the Brazil Mood Scale (BRAMS) was administered to 898 athletes (387 female, 511 male, age range: 12-44 years) at a leading sports club in Rio de Janeiro using either "past week" or "right now" response timeframes. Using seeded k-means cluster analysis, six distinct mood profile clusters were identified, referred to as the iceberg, surface, submerged, shark fin, inverse iceberg, and inverse Everest profiles. The latter three profiles, which are associated with varying degrees of increased risk to mental health, were reported by 238 athletes (26.5%). The prevalence of these three mood clusters varied according to the response timeframe (past week > right now) and the sex of the athletes (female > male). The prevalence of the iceberg profile varied by athlete sex (male > female), and age (12-17 years > 18+ years). Findings supported use of the BRAMS as a screening tool for the risk of psychological issues among athletes in Brazilian sports organisations.

Keywords: Brazil; elite athletes; elite sport; emotion; management; mood profile; performance; wellbeing; young athletes; youth sport.

Figure 1

Graphical representation of six mood profile clusters based on 15,692 participants [46].

Figure 2

Graphical representation of six mood profile clusters identified in the “right now” group.

Figure 3

Graphical representation of six mood profile clusters identified in the “past week” group.

Figure 4

Canonical discriminant functions for the “right now” group (n = 481).

Figure 5

Canonical discriminant functions for the “past week” group (n = 417).