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. 2025 Apr 1;123(2):e202310297.
doi: 10.5546/aap.2023-10297. Epub 2024 Aug 1.

[From physician paternalism to patient autonomy: 25 centuries of history]

[Article in Spanish]
Collaborators, Affiliations
Free article

[From physician paternalism to patient autonomy: 25 centuries of history]

[Article in Spanish]
Subcomisión de Ética Clínica de la Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría. Arch Argent Pediatr. .
Free article

Abstract

From its origins, the doctor-patient relationship accompanied the social and cultural changes that have been modeling different forms of interhuman relationships. However, paternalism remained almost unchanged. Only in the 1970s, hand in hand with postmodern thought and the centrality of ethical, psychological, social and anthropological disciplines, respect for the autonomy of patients began to develop, which constituted the essence of a radical change. “Four models of doctor-patient relationship” are described depending on the objectives of the interaction between the actors, the doctor’s obligations and the patient’s values. Some particularities are detailed in the decision-making of children and adolescents, the doctrine of the mature minor, and progressive autonomy where the need for informed consent that reflects the autonomy of this age group is evident. It is worth highlighting the importance of communication in the development of a relationship in which the different models can collaborate with a genuine practice of autonomy for patients and their families.

Desde sus orígenes, la relación médico-paciente acompañó los cambios sociales y culturales que han ido modelando diferentes formas vinculares interhumanas. Sin embargo, el paternalismo se mantuvo casi inalterable. Recién en la década del 70, con el pensamiento posmoderno y las disciplinas éticas, psicológicas, sociales y antropológicas, comenzó a desarrollarse el respeto hacia la autonomía de los pacientes. Se describen “cuatro modelos de relación médico-paciente” en función de los objetivos de la interacción entre los actores, las obligaciones del médico y los valores del paciente. Se detallan algunas particularidades en la toma de decisiones de niñas, niños y adolescentes, la doctrina del menor maduro y la autonomía progresiva, que evidencia la necesidad de un consentimiento informado que refleje el reconocimiento de este grupo etario. Es fundamental la comunicación en el desarrollo de una relación en la que los diferentes modelos puedan colaborar con una genuina práctica de la autonomía de los pacientes y sus familias.

Keywords: paternalism; autonomy in pediatrics; physician-patient relationship; informed consent; communication.

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