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. 2024 Jul 5;11(7):824.
doi: 10.3390/children11070824.

Three-Dimensional Anthropometric Analysis of the Effect of Lip Reconstructive Surgery on Children with Cleft Lip and Palate at Three Different Times

Gabriela Mendonça Rando  1 , Eloá Cristina Passucci Ambrosio  2 , Paula Karine Jorge  2 , Chiarella Sforza  3 , Márcio Menezes  4 , Ana Lúcia Pompeia Fraga de Almeida  2   5 , Simone Soares  2   5 , Gisele Silva Dalben  2 , Cristiano Tonello  2   6 , Cleide Felício Carvalho Carrara  2 , Maria Aparecida Andrade Moreira Machado  1 , Thais Marchini Oliveira  1   2
Affiliations

Three-Dimensional Anthropometric Analysis of the Effect of Lip Reconstructive Surgery on Children with Cleft Lip and Palate at Three Different Times

Gabriela Mendonça Rando et al. Children (Basel). .

Abstract

Objectives: This investigation aimed to assess the optimal timing for lip repair in children with cleft lip and palate via 3D anthropometric analysis to evaluate their maxillofacial structures.

Methods: The sample comprised 252 digitized dental models, divided into groups according to the following timing of lip repair: G1 (n = 50): 3 months; G2 (n = 50): 5 and 6 months; G3 (n = 26): 8 and 10 months. Models were evaluated at two-time points: T1: before lip repair; T2: at 5 years of age. Linear measurements, area, and Atack index were analyzed.

Results: At T1, the intergroup analysis revealed that G1 had statistically significant lower means of I-C', I-C, C-C', and the sum of the segment areas compared to G2 (p = 0.0140, p = 0.0082, p = 0.0004, p < 0.0001, respectively). In addition, there was a statistically significant difference when comparing the cleft area between G2 and G3 (p = 0.0346). At T2, the intergroup analysis revealed that G1 presented a statistically significant mean I-C' compared to G3 (p = 0.0461). In the I-CC' length analysis, G1 and G3 showed higher means when compared to G2 (p = 0.0039). The I-T' measurement was statistically higher in G1 than in G2 (p = 0.0251). In the intergroup growth rate analysis, G1 and G2 showed statistically significant differences in the I-C' measurement compared to G3 (p = 0.0003). In the analysis of the Atack index, there was a statistically significant difference between G1 and the other sample sets (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion: Children who underwent surgery later showed better results in terms of the growth and development of the dental arches.

Keywords: cleft lip; cleft palate; dental arch; growth and development; imaging; three-dimensional.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Anthropometries evaluated on the dental models of the upper dental arches in participants with unilateral cleft lip and palate. (A) Linear measurements: intercanine (C-C′) and intertuberosity (T-T′) distances; anterior (I-CC′) and anteroposterior dental arch lengths (I-TT′); anterior dental arch distances on the side without cleft (I-C) and with cleft (I-C′); anteroposterior dental arch distances on the side without cleft (I-T) and with cleft (I-T′); anterior (P-P′) and posterior (U-U′) cleft amplitudes. (B) Delimitations of the palatal bone segments (blue color) and the cleft (yellow color) for analyzing the area of the dental arches.
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