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Review
. 2024 Jul 11;14(7):836.
doi: 10.3390/biom14070836.

Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Diabetic, and Pro-Osteogenic Activities of Polyphenols for the Treatment of Two Different Chronic Diseases: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Osteoporosis

Emanuele-Salvatore Scarpa  1 , Antonella Antonelli  2 , Giancarlo Balercia  3 , Sofia Sabatelli  4 , Filippo Maggi  5 , Giovanni Caprioli  5 , Gilberta Giacchetti  4 , Matteo Micucci  2
Affiliations
Review

Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Diabetic, and Pro-Osteogenic Activities of Polyphenols for the Treatment of Two Different Chronic Diseases: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Osteoporosis

Emanuele-Salvatore Scarpa et al. Biomolecules. .

Abstract

Polyphenols are natural bioactives occurring in medicinal and aromatic plants and food and beverages of plant origin. Compared with conventional therapies, plant-derived phytochemicals are more affordable and accessible and have no toxic side effects. Thus, pharmaceutical research is increasingly inclined to discover and study new and innovative natural molecules for the treatment of several chronic human diseases, like type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and osteoporosis. These pathological conditions are characterized by a chronic inflammatory state and persistent oxidative stress, which are interconnected and lead to the development and worsening of these two health disorders. Oral nano delivery strategies have been used to improve the bioavailability of polyphenols and to allow these natural molecules to exert their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and pro-osteogenic biological activities in in vivo experimental models and in patients. Polyphenols are commonly used in the formulations of nutraceuticals, which can counteract the detrimental effects of T2DM and osteoporosis pathologies. This review describes the polyphenols that can exert protective effects against T2DM and osteoporosis through the modulation of specific molecular markers and pathways. These bioactives could be used as adjuvants, in combination with synthetic drugs, in the future to develop innovative therapeutic strategies for the treatment of T2DM and osteoporosis.

Keywords: anti-diabetic; anti-inflammatory; antioxidant; osteoporosis; polyphenols; pro-osteogenic; type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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Conflict of interest statement

Emanuele-Salvatore Scarpa is an employee of Mivell S.r.l.s. and is the inventor of European Patent Application EP 4 205 733 A1. The other authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 2
Figure 2
Biological activities and molecular mechanisms modulated by polyphenols obtained from foods and several plant sources and that lead to the inhibition of T2DM and osteoporosis development. T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; SASP: senescence-associated secretory phenotype. The icons used for Figure 2 are free and have been downloaded from https://www.flaticon.com/ (accessed on 20 June 2024) [75].
Figure 1
Figure 1
Chemical formulae of the polyphenols reported in this study.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Interconnected molecular pathways that are involved in the development of T2DM, osteoporosis, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammatory state are shown. The effects of representative polyphenols on the modulation of the levels of specific molecular markers are also reported.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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