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. 2024 Jun 23;21(7):821.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph21070821.

Inflammatory Status in Trained and Untrained Mice at Different Pollution Levels

Roberta Foster  1 , Mariana Matera Veras  2 , Andre Luis Lacerda Bachi  3 , Jonatas Bussador do Amaral  1 , Victor Yuji Yariwake  2 , Dunia Waked  2 , Ana Clara Bastos Rodrigues  2 , Marilia Farrajota  1 , Robério Pereira Pires  1 , Karina Pantaleão  1 , Juliana de Melo Batista Dos Santos  4 , Francys Helen Damian  1 , Paulo Hilário Saldiva  2 , Mauro Walter Vaisberg  1
Affiliations

Inflammatory Status in Trained and Untrained Mice at Different Pollution Levels

Roberta Foster et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. .

Abstract

Atmospheric pollution can be defined as a set of changes that occur in the composition of the air, making it unsuitable and/or harmful and thereby generating adverse effects on human health. The regular practice of physical exercise (PE) is associated with the preservation and/or improvement of health; however, it can be influenced by neuroimmunoendocrine mechanisms and external factors such as air pollution, highlighting the need for studies involving the practice of PE in polluted environments. Herein, 24 male C57BL/6 mice were evaluated, distributed into four groups (exposed to a high concentration of pollutants/sedentary, exposed to a high concentration of pollutants/exercised, exposed to ambient air/sedentary, and exposed to ambient air/exercised). The exposure to pollutants occurred in the environmental particle concentrator (CPA) and the physical training was performed on a treadmill specially designed for use within the CPA. Pro- and anti-inflammatory markers in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BALF), BALF cellularity, and lung tissue were evaluated. Although the active group exposed to a high concentration of pollution showed a greater inflammatory response, both the correlation analysis and the ratio between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines demonstrated that the exercised group presented greater anti-inflammatory activity, suggesting a protective/adaptative effect of exercise when carried out in a polluted environment.

Keywords: adaptation; atmospheric pollution; inflammation; physical exercise.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Illustrative diagram of the study design. Photo: personal collection.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Weekly averages of PM2.5 (µg·m−³) and Relative Humidity (%).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Maximum values (weekly averages) of PM2.5 after exposure (120 min).
Figure 4
Figure 4
IL-6 serum concentrations (pg/mL) in the AP and SP groups. Mann–Whitney test. * p < 0.05.
Figure 5
Figure 5
IL-2 serum concentrations (pg/mL) in the SP and AP groups. Mann–Whitney test. * p < 0.05.
Figure 6
Figure 6
The correlation between serum concentrations of the cytokines IL6 and IL10 (pg/mL) in the SP group.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Ratios of serum concentrations of IL-2 and IL10 cytokines between groups. Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s post-test for multiple comparisons. * p < 0.05.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Significant positive correlations between the concentrations (pg/mg) of the cytokines IL-1beta and IL-10 (A), IL-6 and IL-10 (B), TNF-alpha and IL-10 (C), and also IFN-gamma and IL-10 (D) were found in the BALF from SP group.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Differential neutrophil counting (absolute number) in the BALF of the different groups evaluated. * p = 0.002; ** p = 0.02; *** p = 0.03.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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